Megacles a potent Athenian slew Cylon & his friends for offending his attempting to be king of Athens & was afterwards wthwith his family expelled Athens by the posterity of the slain. Alcmæon the son of Megacles enterteined & conducted the Messengers whom Crœsus sent to consult the Oracle at Delphos & for doing so was invited by Crœsus & rewarded wthwith much riches. And in the of the Amphyictyons in their war against Cyrrha be by yethe made him advice of Solon made this Alcmæon & Clisthenes king & Sicyon & Eurolycus king of Thessaly commanders of their army. And the Cyrrhæans were conquered Ann. 2 Olymp. 47 according to yethe Marbles. Megacles the son of this Ac Alcmæon Married Agarista the daughter of Clisthenes, & by her had Clisthenes II & a little before the tyranny of Pisistratus she & Pisistratus & Lycurgus commanded the three factions into wchwhich the Athenians were then divided. But When Pisistratus obteined the tyranny (vizt an 4 Olymp. 54) Alcmæon Megacles & his friends were banished but soon after ejected Pisistratus & five years after Pisistratus by marrying the daughter of Megacles recovered restored him & gave him his daughter but a while after restored ejected him again. Afterwards Pisistratus recovered yethe tyranny again & after the death of Megacles & Pisistratus his sons wasere again ejected by Clisthenes the son of Megacles & Agarista. an 1 Olymp 67, anno Darij 10mo.

The Amphictyons by the advice of Solon made Alcmæon the son of Megacles an Athenian & Clsithenes kings of Sicyon & Eurolycus king of Thessaly commanders of their army in their war against Cyrrha & the Cyrrhæans were conquered an 2 Olymp 47 according to yethe Marbles. This Alcmæon entertained & conducted the Messengers wchwhich Crœsus sent to consult the Oracle at Delphos & for doing so was sent for invited by Crœsus & rewarded wthwith much riches. And Clisthenes proposing proclaiming that he would marry his daughter Agarista within a year to the most deserving, there came to court her Megacles the son of this Alcmæon, & Leocides the son of Phidon the Argive & several others & Clisthenes gave his daughter to Megacles. This was that Phidon king of Argos who appointed the weights & measures & coined silver money in Ægina, & invading Clis presided in the Olympiads, as Herodotus sufficiently describes. A Megacles by Agarista had a son called Clisthenes who Megacles wa Phidon therefore was of contemporary to Clisthenes & Alcmæon Alcmæon both of them to Clisthenes & Solon & their sons Megacles was & Leocides were contemporary to one another & to Pisistratus. ffor a little before yethe tyranny of Pisistr Megacles, Pisistratus & Lycurgus commanded the three factions into wchwhich yethe Athenians were divided a little before yethe tyranny of Pisistratus & when Pisistratus obteined the tyrrany mhe married yethe daughter of Megacles & he & Megacles ejected one another by turns & at length Clisthenes the son of Megacles & Agarista expelled the posterity sons of Pisistratus An 1 Olymp 67 according to the Marble. So then Phidon flourished in yethe 47th Olympiad, that is about 670 years before the reign of Darius Hystaspis death of Cyrus or 240 years after Temenus & yethe return of yethe Heraclides: wchwhich space being & in this time [& in this time there were 10 generations from Temenus to Phidon inclusively, or nine intervals, wchwhich is a reasonable proportion being after the rate of about 28 years to an generation interval or generation. But Chronologers make the reccon about 511 years from yethe return of the Heraclides to yethe 47th Olympiad wchwhich is after the rate of 57 years to a & account Phidon the seventh from Temenus which is after the rate of 85 years to a generation & therefore not to be admitted. After his example Solon regulated the weights & money of yethe Athenians. for ffor the pound weight wchwhich before conteined 73 drachms Solon appointed to consist of 100 drachms. And [in law his laws he appointed mulcts of in drachms of silver] whereas the mulcts in Dracos laws (wchwhich were made about 100 years before yethe reign of Darius Hystaspis) were called Oxen, Solon appointed mulcts in drachms of silver. ffor the Greeks at first used only rude masses of metal of the value of Oxen for the convenience of buying & selling sheep & Oxen & sheep recconing about ten Sheep to an Ox & thence they called these masses of metal were calld Oxen & Pecunia. These masses were usually of in the form of long barrs & from their shape were called Oboli. Such was the iron money of Lycurgus & the iron obolus of & from their shape they usually were were they called them Oboli they being usually in the form of long barrs. Such money Homer & Draco call Oxen, & but Solon calls his money drachms, wchwhich implies that when he regulated weights he also regulated the Athenian money by those weights & such was the iron money of Lycurgus & the money of all Greece before Phido & Solon regulated it by weight. [Asia minor abounded first in silver & gold & there coynage began. [For Crœsus had much coyned gold money & the wife of Midas coyned gold & in Greece the opinion of Herodotus Phidon was the first who coyned in Greece there is a ☾ coyn of Atys a much older king of Lydia] Among the Greeks Phido is the first who coyned silver money & Philip the father of Alexander the first who coyned any quantity of gold. The Romans were still poorer then yethe Greeks & therefore coyned no copper money before yethe reign of Ancus Martius, no silver money till about 300 years after 3 years before the first Punic war, an 1 Olymp. 128, no gold money till about 62 years after that. Now Strabo tells us that Phido was the 10th from Temenus not the tenth king (for between Phido & Cisus yethe son of Temenus they reigned not) but the 10 by generation from father to son including Temenus, or the 9th excluding him & these 9 generations taking up the 250 years from Temenus to Phidon, there were about 28 years to a generation one generation wthwith another wchwhich is a moderate rate. But if wthwith Chronologers reccon &c

The remainder of this page is written upside down.

Now So then the Greeks have made the reigns of their kings too long & by that means have raised their antiquities. The Olympiads being quadrennial al could not be stirred stirred, but in adjusting the reigns of their kings to the Olympiads they have made them reign earlier then they did. ffor Iulitus who restored the Olympiads they have made above an 100 years older then the first Olympiad wherein Gordæus was victor & to reconcile the difference they have suppose that there were many Olympiads before yethe 1st the memory of wchwhich has been buried in oblivion lost. that is they ground their Chronology upon suppositions of things wchwhich they know nothing of. And by the same means they make the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus about 328 years older then the Olympiads whereas it was scarce above 60 or 70 years older.

$\begin{array}{l}\phantom{0}\mathrm{x}+\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{x}+\frac{1}{6}\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{x}}^3,+\frac{1}{24}\mathrm{n}{\mathrm{x}}^4+\frac{1}{120}\mathrm{o}{\mathrm{x}}^5\\ \phantom{00}-\frac{1}{12}\mathrm{n}\phantom{00}-\frac{1}{72}\mathrm{O}\\ \phantom{0}\\ 2\mathrm{k}\mathrm{x}+\frac{12\mathrm{m}-\mathrm{O}}{36}{\mathrm{x}}^3+\frac{1}{60}\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{x}}^5\\ \phantom{0}\\ \mathrm{k}={\mathrm{A}}^5\text{.}\phantom{0}\mathrm{m}={\mathrm{A}}^4-2{\mathrm{A}}^5+{\mathrm{A}}^6\text{.}\phantom{0}\mathrm{O}={\mathrm{A}}^3-{\mathrm{A}}^{4}4+6{\mathrm{A}}^5-4{\mathrm{A}}^6+\mathrm{A}7\\ 2{\mathrm{A}}^5\mathrm{x}+\frac{1}{3}{\mathrm{A}}^4-\frac{2}{3}{\mathrm{A}}^5+\frac{1}{3}{\mathrm{A}}^6-\frac{1}{3}{\mathrm{A}}^3-\frac{1}{3}{\mathrm{A}}^7\phantom{00}{\mathrm{X}}^3+\frac{1}{60}{\mathrm{x}}^5\\ \phantom{000000}+\frac{1}{9}\phantom{0.0}-\frac{1}{6}\phantom{0.0}+\frac{1}{9}\\ \phantom{0}\\ 4{\mathrm{A}}^5-\frac{8}{3}{\mathrm{A}}^3+\frac{32}{9}{\mathrm{A}}^4-\frac{20}{3}{\mathrm{A}}^5+\frac{32}{9}{\mathrm{A}}^6-\frac{8}{3}{\mathrm{A}}^7+\\ \phantom{0000}+\frac{8}{15}\phantom{0.0}-\frac{32}{15}\phantom{0.0}+\frac{48}{15}\phantom{0.0}-\frac{32}{15}\phantom{0.0}+\frac{8}{15}\\ \phantom{0}\\ -\frac{32}{15}{\mathrm{A}}^3+\frac{64}{15}{\mathrm{A}}^4+\frac{8}{15}{\mathrm{A}}^5+\frac{64}{15}{\mathrm{A}}^6-\frac{32}{15}{\mathrm{A}}^7\\ \phantom{0}\\ \mathrm{k}\mathrm{x}+\frac{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{x}}{2}+\frac{\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{x}}^3}{6}+\frac{\mathrm{n}{\mathrm{x}}^4}{24}-\frac{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{x}}{12}+\frac{\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{x}}^3}{72}=\\ \phantom{0}\\ \phantom{00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000}\mathrm{k}=\mathrm{c}\\ 2\mathrm{k}\mathrm{x}-\frac{\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{x}}^3}{3}-\frac{\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{x}}^3}{36}+\frac{\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{x}}^5}{60}\phantom{0000000000000000000000000000}\mathrm{m}=\mathrm{b}-2\mathrm{c}+\mathrm{d}\\ \phantom{00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000}\mathrm{O}=\mathrm{a}-4\mathrm{b}+6\mathrm{c}-4\mathrm{d}+\mathrm{e}\\ 4\mathrm{k}-\frac{8}{3}\mathrm{m}-\frac{2}{9}\mathrm{O}+\frac{8}{15}\mathrm{O}=4\mathrm{k}-\frac{8}{3}\mathrm{m}+\frac{14}{45}\mathrm{O}=4\mathrm{c}\frac{-8\mathrm{b}+16\mathrm{c}-8\mathrm{d}}{43}+\frac{14\mathrm{a}-56\mathrm{b}+84\mathrm{c}-56\mathrm{d}+14\mathrm{d}}{45}\\ \begin{array}{lll}\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{a}\\ \phantom{0}\mathrm{a}-{\mathrm{b.}}^{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}-{\mathrm{c.}}^{\mathrm{c}}\mathrm{c}-{\mathrm{d.}}^{\mathrm{d}}\mathrm{d}-{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{e}}\\ \phantom{00}\mathrm{a}-2\mathrm{b}+\mathrm{c.}\mathrm{b}-2\mathrm{c}+\mathrm{d.}\mathrm{c}-2\mathrm{d}+\mathrm{e}\\ \phantom{000}\mathrm{a}-3\mathrm{b}+3\mathrm{c}-\mathrm{d.}-3\mathrm{c}+3\mathrm{d}-\mathrm{e}\\ \phantom{0000}\mathrm{a}-4\mathrm{b}+6\mathrm{c}-4\mathrm{d}+\mathrm{e}\end{array}& \phantom{00000000}& \begin{array}{l}\frac{14\mathrm{a}}{45}-\frac{176\mathrm{b}}{45}+\frac{504\mathrm{c}}{45}-\frac{176\mathrm{d}}{45}+\frac{14\mathrm{e}}{45}\\ \frac{2}{45}\text{ in }7\mathrm{a}-88\mathrm{b}+252\mathrm{c}-88\mathrm{d}+7\mathrm{e}\end{array}\end{array}\\ \phantom{\mathrm{k}\mathrm{x}+\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{l}+}\\ \mathrm{k}+\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{l}+\frac{1}{6}\mathrm{m}=\mathrm{c}+\frac{\mathrm{b}-2\mathrm{c}+\mathrm{d}}{6}=\frac{\mathrm{b}+4\mathrm{c}+\mathrm{d}}{6}\\ \mathrm{r}\mathrm{\pi }{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }-1}=\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{\phi }}^{-1}\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{x}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{\phi }\phantom{000000}{\overline{)\mathrm{e}{\mathrm{z}}^{\mathrm{r}}+\mathrm{f}{\mathrm{z}}^{\mathrm{r}+\mathrm{n}}+\mathrm{g}{\mathrm{z}}^{\mathrm{r}+2\mathrm{n}}+\text{ \&c}}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}=\mathrm{x}\\ \mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{R}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\phi }}\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{x}\mathrm{R}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\phi }+1}\phantom{000.}\overline{)\mathrm{k}+\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{z}}^{\mathrm{n}}+\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{z}}^{2\mathrm{n}}}\mathrm{\phi }\\ \mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{S}}^{-\mathrm{\phi }}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }-1}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-1}\mathrm{x}=\mathrm{x}=\mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{S}}^{-\mathrm{\phi }}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }-1}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-\mathrm{\phi }-1}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}=\mathrm{x}=\mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{-1}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-1}\text{ in }\frac{{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}}{{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\phi }}}\\ \mathrm{x}\frac{\mathrm{\lambda }-\pi }{\mathrm{\pi }}\times {\overline{)\mathrm{a}+\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{x}}^{\mathrm{\sigma }}}}^{\mathrm{\omega }}\times \overline{\mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{-1}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-1}}\text{ in }\frac{{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}}{{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\phi }}}\text{.}\\ \overline{)\phantom{\frac{{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\lambda }-1}}{\mathrm{S}\frac{\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{\lambda }-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{\pi }}{\mathrm{\pi }}}}}\frac{{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\lambda }+\mathrm{\pi }-1}}{\mathrm{S}\frac{\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{\lambda }}{\mathrm{\pi }}}\times {\overline{)\mathrm{a}+\mathrm{b}\frac{{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{T}}}{{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{r}}}}}^{\mathrm{\omega }}\times \mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{-1}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-1}\\ \frac{{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\Lambda }+\mathrm{\pi }-1}}{{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\mu }}}\times {\overline{)\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\upsilon }}+\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{T}}}}^{\mathrm{\omega }}\times \overline{\mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{-1}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-1}}\\ {\overline{)\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\upsilon }}+\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{T}}}}^{\mathrm{\omega }}\times \mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\lambda }+\mathrm{\pi }-2}{\mathrm{S}}^{-\mathrm{\mu }}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\lambda }+\mathrm{\pi }-1}{\mathrm{S}}^{-\mathrm{\mu }-1}\\ \frac{{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\lambda }-\mathrm{\pi }}}{\mathrm{S}\frac{\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{\lambda }}{\mathrm{\pi }}-\mathrm{\phi }}\times {\overline{)\mathrm{a}+\frac{\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{T}}}{{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\upsilon }}}}}^{\mathrm{\omega }}\times \frac{{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{T}}}{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{\phi }}\times \mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{-1}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-1}\\ \frac{{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\lambda }}}{\mathrm{S}\frac{\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{\lambda }}{\mathrm{\pi }}}\times {\overline{)\mathrm{a}+\mathrm{b}\frac{{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{T}}}{{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\upsilon }}}}}^{\mathrm{\omega }}\times \mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{-1}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-1}\text{.}\phantom{0}\frac{{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\lambda }}}{{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\mu }}}\times {\overline{)\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\upsilon }}+\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{T}}}}^{\mathrm{\omega }}\text{ in }\mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{-1}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-1}\\ \mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{R}\text{ in }\frac{{\mathrm{\lambda }}^{\mathrm{\lambda }-1}}{{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\mu }+1}}\times {\overline{)\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\upsilon }}+\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{T}}}}^{\mathrm{\omega }}\\ {\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\phi }}=\mathrm{x}\text{.}\phantom{0}\mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }-1}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\phi }}+\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\phi }-1}=\mathrm{x}=\mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{-1}+\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-1}\text{ in }{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\phi }}\\ {\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\lambda }-\mathrm{\pi }}\mathrm{S}\frac{\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{\lambda }-\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{\pi }}{\mathrm{\pi }}+\mathrm{\upsilon }\mathrm{\omega }\times {\overline{)\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\upsilon }}+\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{T}}}}^{\mathrm{\omega }}\times \mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{-1}+\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-1}\text{ in }{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\phi }}\\ {\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\lambda }}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\mu }}\times {\overline{)\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\upsilon }}+\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{T}}}}^{\mathrm{\omega }}\times \mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{R}}^{-1}+\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{S}}^{-1}\\ {\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\lambda }-1}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\mu }-1}\text{ in }{\overline{)\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{\upsilon }}+\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{T}}}}^{\mathrm{\omega }}\times \mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{r}\mathrm{S}+\mathrm{\phi }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{R}\end{array}$

4422 – nine of Arcadia. Now from the return of the Heraclides to yethe end of this t And their reign according to Chronologers took up 379 that is one reign with another the 11 kings one with another reigned 34$\frac{1}{2}$ years the 10 a piece the ten 38. years & the nine 42 years a piece wchwhich is much too long for the course of nature. Pausanias tells us out of Tyrtæus a very old Poet who flourished in the time of yethe second Messenian war that the first Messenian war lasted 20 years. Euphaes reigned in Messene 13 years & Aristodemus six years & some months & it lasted all their two reigns & five months more. Deduct the 20 years of this war from the 379 & there will be 359 years from the return of yethe Heraclides to the beginning of this war wchwhich interval of time being taken up by the reign of the eight first kings of Messene makes 45 years ten a piece to a reign one reign with another wchwhich is very much too long for the course of nature. Euryleon the son of Ægeus commanded the main body of the Messenians in the fift year of the first Messenian war & was in the fift generation from Oyiolycus the son of Theras the brother in law of Aristodemus & Tutor of his sons Eurysthenes & Procles as Pausanias relates & by consequence he was in the six generation from Theras Pausanias tells us that Aristodemus married Angia the sister of Theras & by her had Eurysthenes & Procles whom h & left them his son under the tuition of their unkle Theras from yethe return of the Heraclides wchwhich was in the days of Theras to yethe fif battel in the fift year of the first Messenian war there were six generations. Now this interval of time according to the vulgar chronology took up 364 years wchwhich makesing about 60 years to a generation one generation with another & therefore is very much too long for the course of nature. By all these instances Chronologers in collecting times past from the number of reigns or generations of kings have made the times between the return of Heraclides & the first Messenian war very much too long [for yethe usual course of Nature & therefore If we therefore we will reduce it to such a length as suits best wthwith & it ought to be corrected, & reduced to such a a length as suits with best best wthwith the course of nature, ff which will be done by recconning the reigns of the kings at about 20 or 21 years a piece one wthwith another. Let us say reccon therefore the eleven reigns of yethe kings of Sparta by one race at 20 years a piece & the tenn by another race at 22 years a piece & the ten of Messene also at 22 years a piece & the nine of Arcadia & the nine of Arcadia at at one reign with another & the interval between the return of the Heraclides & the end of yethe first Messenian warr will amount to 220 years which is full long enough if not still too long. ffor thus the nine kings of Arcadia will reigne 24$\frac{1}{2}$ reigns one years a piece one with another & the eight first kings of Messene will reign 200 years that is 25 years a piece one wthwith another & the six generations from Theras to Euryleon will take up 205 years that wchwhich is 34 years a piece to a generation one with another Thus is this period of time confirmed by six several ways of recconing. After the first Messenian warIn the race of the Spartan kings descended from Eurythenes after him there Polydorus reigned these kings Eurycrates I, Anaxander, Eurycrates II, Leon, Anaxandrides fil, Cleomenes fil, Leonides frat, & & in the other race after Theopompus reigned Zeuxidamus, Anaxidamus, Archidamus, Agasicles Ariston Demaratus Leotychides. [Cleomenes & Leonidas were the sons of Anaxandrides & reigned in the days of Darius Hystaspis, & Leonidas was slain at in the battel at Thermopylæ in the sixt year of Xerxes being then an old man. Demaratus was banished by Cleomenes & fled into to Darius Hystaspis & the kingdom was given to Leotychides] Cleomenes was & Demaratus were conten flourished in the reign of Darius Hystaspis] Neare the beginning of the reign of Darius Hystaspis. Polycrates king of Samus being slain about yethe 7th year of Cambyses was succeeded by Mæandrius who in & Darius Hystaspis in or neare the beginning of this reign of Darius invading Samus Mæandrius fled to Cleomexes king of Sparta (Herod l. 3 prope finem) & t Some years after when Ionia rebelled Darius proposed to conquer Greece he sent messengers to all Greece to demand fire earth & water & the Islands submitted & amongst the rest Ægina. Whereupon Cleomenes king of Sparta to whom that Island belonged sailed to Ægina to comprehend the persons offending as if they fell awa revolted to yethe Persians, But & in his absence was accused by Demaratus king the other king of Sparta, but upon his return caused Demaratus to be deposed as a bastard, & Leotychides to succeed him & then about 3 or 4 years after slew himself & was succeeded by his brother Leonidas who was slain by the Persians at Thermopylæ in the sixt year of Xerxes, Whence & Demaratus being deposed fled to yethe Persians & remained among them till after the invasion of Greece by Xerxes at wchwhich time Demaratus was alive being fled to yethe Persians. Vpon the death of Cleomines a war broke out between the Athenians & inhabitants of Ægina & the Athenians by the advice of Themistocles built ships as well against an expected invasion of the Persians as against the people of Ægina By all wchwhich it seems to me that Cleomenes began his reign about the same time wthwith Darius or within 2 or 3 years after & reigned till about yethe 30th 28th or year of that king & that Demaratus was deposed about yethe 249th year of Darius & lived above 18 years longer. So then between the end of the first Messenian war & the reign of Darius there were about five reigns in both races of the kings of Sparta wchwhich at 20 years apiece one reign wthwith another make the space of about an hundred years. But Chronologers make it 202 years wchwhich is about more then 40 years a piece to the five reigns one wthwith another. Polydectes king of Sparta being slain before the birth of his son Charillus or Charilaus, left yethe tuition of his kingdom & his to his brother Lycurgus who the Legislator & Lycurgus upon the birth of Charilaus became his Tutor to the child & published his laws in yethe reign of Agesilaus the king of Sparta successor of of Darissus in the other race of yethe kings of Sparta. Now Aristotel finding the Now the name of Lycurgus being upon the Olympic Disk Aristotle concluded thence that Lycurgus assisted in instituting was the companion of Iphitus in restoring the Olympiads And The Discus was produced in the games called Quinquertium (Pausan: l 5 c. 19) wchwhich were boxing, running, leaping, the Discus, & wrastling. & therefore Lycurgus flourished in the 18th Olympiad [wchwhich goes very well wthwith orour recconing & as ffor according to orour recconing the 18 Olympiad was celebrated in yethe 17th year of Ageslates in whose reign Lycurgus published his laws. But reign So then the 18 Olympiad in wchwhich Lycurgus assisted in instituting the Discus ought3 ought to fall in yethe reign of Agesilaus in wchwhich Lycurgus published his laws. And so it doth according to orour recconing & therefore confirms this recconing. But according Chronologers reccon Lycurgus as old as Iphitus & both of them almost 200 years older then yethe 18th Olympiad. Now the name of Lycurgus being on the Olympic Disk Aristotel concluded thence that Lycurgus was the companion of Iphitus in restoring the Olympiads. But it is to b But Iphitus did not restore all the Olympic games. He restored the racing, with Chariots in the first Olympiad Coræbus being victor. In the 14th Olympiad the double Stadium was added & in 18th the Quinquertium Hypænus being victor & in the 18th the Quinquertium & wrastling were restored Lampis & Eurybatus being victors (two Spartans) being Victors. & Now Pausanas tells us that the Discus was produced in the Quinquertium, [& others say that the Quinquertium consisted of these five games, running, leaping, wrastling, coiting & boxing.] And therefore Lycurgus whose name was on the Discus, flourished not in the first but in the eighteenth Olympiad. & Charillus & Agesilaus reigned So then Chronologers err in making Lycurgus & his contemporaries Agesilaus & Charillus as old as Iphitus & all of them almost 200 years older then the 18th Olympiad & In our account of time the 18th Olympiad falls in the reign of Agesilaus & minority Tuition of Charillus as it ought to do. Now the Disk was one of the games of the Quinquertium & Pausanias tells us that there were three Disks kept in the Olympic treasury at Altis & produced in the games of the Quinquertium. One of those games. Probably Doubtless these were dedicated by Lycurgus & had his name they which had the name of Lycurgus upon them, being dedicated by him. So then the game of the Disk was restored in 18th Olympiad & therefore Pythan Lycu that Olympiad fell upon the Tui minority of Charillus yethe Tuition of Lycurgus & yethe reigh of Agesilaus. Now ffrom the middle of the reign of Agesilates to the end of the reign of Anaxandrides there were 9$\frac{1}{2}$ reigns wchwhich at 20 years a piece come to 190 years & these years counted backwards from yethe beginning of the reign of Darius Hystaspis place the middle of yethe reign of Agesilaus upon the 2d year of yethe 17th Olympiad, wchwhich being but three years before yethe 18th Olympiad, shews that orour way of recconing comes very neare the truth. So there And Chronologers have been mistaken in making Lycurgus as old as Charillus & Agesilaus as old as Iphitus & all of them almost as old as Iphitus & all of them about 180 or 200 200 years older then the 18th Olympiad. Thucydides (who was older then the Chronologers) tells us that there were three hundred years & a few more to the end of the Peloponnesian war from the time that the Lacedemonians had used the same admistrationadministration of their commonwealth, that is from the Legislature of Lycurgus. And this agrees perfectly with orour recconing. ffor yethe 18th Olympiad was 304 years before the end of the Peloponnesian war. This testimony of Thucydides I lay the more stress upon because he wrote while that government of the Spartans was very singular & very advanta yet in being. ffor that government being very singular & very advantageous to the Spartans, its very probable that while it lasted they retained a memory of it's antiquity & antiquity & first institution. & of its antiquity We told you that upon the return of the Heraclides returned into Peloponnesus under the conduct of Temenus, Cresphontes & Aristodemus, & that Temenus reigned at Argos. He was succeeded by Afte him reigned Cisus, M, Thestius, Acaus, Ares his son & then Corinth deposed & her kings until Phidon invaded the kingdom. Phidon is by some recconed He was succeeded by his son Cisus & then the kingdom ceased untill Phidon the tenth from Temenus recovered This the Phidon was potent for a time & invented weights & measures & was the t coyned money in Ægina of Gold & Silver in Ægina, & w & was the being the first of the Greeks who coyned such money. His son Leocides was contemporary to Megalles the son of Alcmæon, both of them at yethe same time being woers of Agarista the daughter of Clisthenes king of Sicyon. And Alcmæon was contemporary to Crœsus. ffor And therefore Phidon was also contemporary to Crœsus or not above one generation older. Chronologers make Phidon above 200 years older. & A I will therefo Chronologers make him much older but I had rather trust to Herodotus. Let us therefore suppose ytthat he was Phidon flourished about fifty sixty years before the reign of Darius Hystaspis, & that is about 2760 years after the return of the Heraclides, & since (as Strabo tells us) that) he was the 10th from Temenus, there will be nine generations in 260 years which is 29 years to after yethe rate of 29 years to a generation wchwhich is a reasonable allowance. In yethe elective kingdom of the Romans, ninety or an hundred years may be a reasonable allowance for the reign of the seven kings before the Consuls, especially since all of them except Numa either died violent deaths or were deposed. And according to this recconing Numa who was a Pythagorean philosopher & coyned coyned copper money might live after Pherecides Syrus, Thales & Pythagoras had brought philosophy into Europe & be contemporary to Phidon who coyned money in Greece. 4434 When Europa & Cadmus & his captains be & their kindred & captains came with Colonies into Crete & Greece, theyre were accompanied with a body of Phœnician Priests among them a sort of men called Curetes or Corybantes Delchines These setled some in Crete where they were called also Curetes & Idæi Dactyli,2, some in Th Samothrace where they were called Cabyri,1 some in Phrygia where they were called Curetes Corybantes, some in Ætolia where they were called Curetes,3 some in Rhodes where they were called Telchines, some in & others in Eubæa, Lemnos &Imbrus & other places. And a considerable body of them setled in Ætiola which was thence called the country of the Curetes untill Ætolus invaded it & called it by his own name. Strabo. l. 10. p 464, 465, 466 &c. For all the Curetes in all these places were men of the same kind kind. differing very little from one another in manners. At the sacrifices they appeared seized wthwith a divine fury, & danced in armour with great clamour tumult & clamour & bells & drums & pipes & weapons wthwith wchwhich they struck upon one anothers armour in musical time. And this is recconned the first original of music in Greece. This noisy dancing they pretended to be in memory of their attending & guarding Rhea or Cybele & (otherwise called Cybele & Magna mater) & her young son Iupiter. They were skilled in arts & sciences & brought many arts into Greece. tTheir actions were mystical about religious mysteries by the coins & they were by the people admired & accounted impostors & jugglers & servan conjurers & magicians. They first made a wrought in brass & copper in Eubæa in a city thence called Chalcis & in other places where they setled & afterwards found out iron in Creat montmount Ida in Crete & wrought also in that metal. Also in Crete & first in Crete & then they had shops in Lemnos & I & Rhodes Imbrua & other places. Strabo l. 10. p 466, 7, 8, 9, 472, 473 & l. 4. p. 365. In PhygiaPhrygia they instituted mysteries were only only about Rhea called Cybele & Magna mater, in Crete theyir mysteries were also about her son Iupiter. These These the Idæi Dactyli represented that when Iupiter was born in Crete his mother Rhea caused him to be educated in a cave in mount Ida under their care, of them & that they danced about him in armour & that they armed themselves in his defence & danced about him with a great noise that his with a great noise that his father Saturn might not hear him cry & their mysteries were in memory thereof. Whence I conclude that & when he was grown up assisted him in conquering his father & in memory thereof instituted their mysteries. Now [This Iupiter can be no other king of Crete then Minos.  & armed themselves in his defence against his father Saturn & danced about him with a great noise that his father might not hear him cry & when he was grown up assisted him in conquering his father & in memory of these things instituted their mysteries. Stephanus [in Γαζα] lets us know that In Gaza they called him Marnas wchwhich name signifies king of men. In Crete he was such another king. Iupiter was worshipped in Gaza a city of Phœnicia after the same manner as in Crete, & this is an argument that the Curetes came originally from the country of the Philistines. In Gaza they called him Marnas wchwhich word signifes the king of men. In Crete he was such another king. And I take this king to be Minos. For Minos was born soon after the coming of Asterius was grown up & began to reign before Europa & the Phenicians came into Crete in the reign of Asterius & Minos was born soon after their coming & its probable Europa being a Phœnician would be apt to trust her countrimen the Curetes with the care & education of her child  For the ancients gave the names of Saturn & Iupiter to the two first kings of a kingdom & Saturn Asterius & Iupiter Minos were the two first kings of all Crete mentioned in history & Minos was the most famous & potent & famous of all the kings of Crete & on that account deserves the name of Iupiter above them all. He was the Lawmaker of Crete & was so famous for justice as to be accounted the principall judge of hell Hades Hel & justice was the distinguishing character of Iupiter. Minos was a great warrior & the most potent of all the Greeks of his age & had the dominion of dominion of the seas & was the first of the Greeks who had that dominion & Iupiter was the greatest of all the Gods & had a scepter in one hand & a thunderbolt in the other to shew that he was a warlike king. [Asterius was grown up & began to reign before Europa & the Phenicians came into Crete &] Minos was the first king of Crete who could be educated by the Curetes. He was born soon after they came into that into ytthat Island & its probable that his mother being a Phœnician would commit the care & education of her child to her countrymen. Mount Ida was excavated throughout by art with walks & many winding intricate passages wchwhich they called the Labyrinth. There the Idæi Dactyli might & their weomen might educate the child. There they might find out minerals & make armour first of copper & then of iron & by the help of this armour after Minos was grown up overcome the native Cretans & depose expell Asterius & set Minos upon the throne. & in memory of these things institute their mysteries & compose the fable of Iupiter's education & of his expelling his father by the assistance of yethe Curetes. And by being educated under these men he might might become so wise a lawmaker as to have his laws consulted by the wisest of the following LawmakesLawmakers & with his brother Rhadamanthus so exact in the administration of justice as on that account also to be celebrated above other men to all posterity. He was was buried in the same cave where he was educated: for Pythagoras went down into the Idæan cave to see his sepulchre [PophyriusPorphyrius in vita Pythag.] Whence Lucian (in Sacrificijs) tells us that the Cretans do not only recount relate that Iupiter was born & buried amongst them but also shew his sepulchre. And the Scholiast upon Pindar (Ode 1 in of Callimachus [Ode 1 in Iovian] v. 8] tells that Cicero in numbering three Iupiters saith that the third was the Cretan Iupiter Saturns son whose sepulchre was shown in Crete, & the Scholiast upon Callimachus [Ode 1 in Iovem v. 8] lets us know that this was the Sepulchre of Minos. By Saturn Cicero who was a Latine understands the Saturn of the Latines. For when Aurelius Victor tells us that the Saturn soon came being expelled by Iupiter fled in sailed a ship from Crete into Italy. About the same time some other Greeks carried colonies into Italy as Oenotrus the youngest son of Lycaon & Ianus who received Saturn into part of his kingdom. And this is the first memory of things done in Italy. [For Minos was born when the Curetes came first into Crete & was the greatest king who of the kings of Crete having the dominion of the seas wthwith a potent fleet & conquering many of the Greek islands. His father Asterius was the first king of all Crete of He & his father Asterius were the two first kings of all Crete mentioned in history And Being educated by the Curetes he became an excellent king in civil as well as in military affairs. And being He was the greatest & most celebrated king of his time among all the Greeks, & therefore deserved the name of Iupiter above them all & his funeral deserved most to have his funeral celebrated by the Curetes with a greater solemnity then that of any other king. of whom there is any certain mention in history & by consequence they were the Saturn & Iupiter of yethe Cretans. And For The Scholiast upon Callimachus tells us that Minos was the the sepulchre of Minos was by the Cretans called the Sepulchre of Iupiter [Schol. Callim. Hymn. 1 in Iovem v. 8.] And CiceroDe nat. deor l. 3 that numbering three Iupiters saith that the third was the Cretan Iupiter Saturn's son whose sepulchre was shewn in Crete, & the scholiast upon Pindar aHymn. 1 in Iovem. lets us know that this was the sepulchre of Minos. His father Asterius was the first king of all Crete so far as appears in history, & the two first kings of every kingdom were usually by the ancients reputed the Saturn & Iupiter of the kingdom.] Stephanus [in Gaz Γαζα] lets know that Iupiter was worshipped in Gaza a city of Phœnicia after the same manner as in Crete, & this makes it probleprobable that the Curetes came originally from the country of the Philistines. Amphictyon the son of Deucalion reigned in Athens next before Deucalion Erectheus as above & Xuthus the youngest son of Hellen the son of Deucalion married the daughter of Erectheus & therefore Deucalions [was between one & two years generations or about 40 years older then Erectheus &] his flood was just before the coming of Cadmus into Europe & the reigns of Erectheus flood was a little before the reign of Erectheus. The marble makes it ten years before the coming of Cadmus into Europe. The Poets represent it occasioned by the wickedness of Lycaon, who offered humane sacrifices to Iupiter, & therefore being since they feigned itoit to be a punishment inflicted on him for his wickedness, it was happened in the end of his reign & by consequence therefore was about the time that Cadmus came into Europe. The eastern nations of those days in their figurative Now the Poets tell us that next after This flood was succeeded by the four ages called the Golden the silver the brazen & the iron ages.// The fourth age ended with the wars against Thebes & Troy as Hesiod tells us expresly. But Hesiod living in the age next after the four calls his own age the fift & translates the name of the iron age from the fourth to this, recconing every age to be worse then the former & his own to be be the worst. And these five ages he reccons to be so many generations of men describing that every age ended when the men of the age were buried & deified & a new generation of men arose, & saying that the men of the fourth age perished at in the warrs against Thebes & Troy & that Iupiter would destroy the fift age in wchwhich he lived when yethe men of that age should grow hoary headed. The third age ended with the Argonautic expedition that was ffor that was one age before the destruction of Troy recconing three ages to an hundred years or about 33 yars to an age, & the Poets tell us that Talus who guarded the island Crete was the last man of the brazen age & died when the Argonauts in returning home arrived at that island. The second age was the reign of Iupiter & fell in with the reign days of Minos. ffor the Poets tell us that Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus was the first woman & Alcmena the last with whom Iupiter lay. And that Chiron who lived till the Argonautic expedition or end of the brazen age was begot of Phyillyra by Saturn in the golden age when Iupiter was educated among the Idæi Dactyli as Apollonius relates. The Cretan The Cretan Iupiter was therefore educated in Crete by the Idæi Dactyli in the golden age & by consequence reigned in the silver age according to the Theology of the Curetes & since Theseus overcame the Minotaur & Minos was slain about 39 years before the the lifetime of Chiron comprehended the brazen age & the silver age & part of yethe golden age & lasted about one generation or 33 years longer then the reign of Minos, this Iupiter can be no other then Minos. For Theseus overthrew no other king of crete was educated by the Idæi Dactyli when Chiron was born & Theseus overcame the Minotaur about 33 years before yethe Argonautic expedition & Minos was slain soon presently after, that is one generation b & no other king of Crete was educated by the Idæi Dactyli when Chiron was born. The whole time between the Argonautic expedition & the coming of Cadmus & the Curetes with Europa & Cadmus into Crete & Greece & the Argonautic expedition was about an hundred years, wchwhich being divided into three equal parts allows about 33 years for the golden age & reign of Asterius the father of Minos, 33 years more for the silver age & reign of Minos, & & 33 years more for the iron age & reign o brazen age & reign of over Asia & a good Thrace & part of Greece part of Europe, & the iron age took up about 33 years more till the ruin of Troy. The Eleans in giving an account o people of Elis in giving an account of their own originals say that Saturn reigned first in the kingdom of heaven & that the men who reigned first in were called the golden age built a temple to him in Olympia & that his wife Rhea when Iupiter was born committed the custody of the child to yethe Idæi Dactyli otherwise called the Curetes & that five of these Idæi Dactyli (whose names were Hercules Pæonius, Epimedes, Iasius & Ida coming afterwards from Ida a mountain of Crete into Elis there instituted the game of racing once every in four years wchwhich was the Original of the Olympic games Pausan l. 5. c A The Iupiter therefore who reigned in the silver age was certainly the Cretan Iupiter educated in the golden age in mount Ida by the Curetes Idæi Dactyli, & the Parable of the reign of Saturn & Iupiter in the golden & silver ages was brought from Crete into Greece by the Idæi Dactyli, And because commenced with The first coming of the Id and being formed by them Idæi Dactyli commenced with their first coming into Crete in the reign of Asterius, or with & by consequence in or with the reign of Asterius. After yethe end or at the soonest with the beginning of his reign. For we have already shewed that the Saturn & Iupiter of the Idæi Dactyli were Asterius & Minos, the name of Saturn being given to Asterius by the Latines in memory of his lying hid in Italy. The Th Now Ath his description of the Poets agree to the four generations here described above mentioned. In the first of the four ages men lived upon roots, berries apples peares acorns & other spontaneus fruits of the earth without the toill of plowing & sowing. In the second the Greeks began to plow & sow & make bread & grow potent at sea & mult by the invention of iron to multiply arts. In the third they grew more warlike & in the fourth invented the constellations & invented the constellations & & began to build long ships grew more warlike but still used armour & weapons & utensils of copper. In the fourth, iron & wealth in metals began to abound & men grew still more wealthy & more injurious & violent being tempt & improved navigation building long ships & making long viages at sea. And these are the characters of the four ages given by 5 the Poets In the end of the third they invented the constellations & began to built a long ship & began to make long voyages. In the end of the fourth they riches in metals increased & men began to grew more injurious & violent & built long continued to mak build long ships & improve navigation. And these are the characters of the four ages given by the Poets. They tell us that the Cretan Iupiter expelled conquered made war upon his father Saturn & that Saturn fled made him fly from Italy into Crete into Italy: wchwhich makes it probable ytthat yethe Saturn of the Latines was Asterius the father of Minos. for ffor Minos was a very warlike pPrince & being the son of a forreign woman might come to the crown by force. The remainder of this page is written upside down. Pausan. l. 5. c. 2, 3, 8.The Eleans recconed Aëthlius the son of Iupiter Æolus their first king He was the father of Endymion the father of Pæon, Epeus, & Ætolus & Eurycida. Epeus succeeded his father in the kingdom & left it to Ætolus & from him the people were called Epeans. In his reign Pelops came into Peloponnesus & succeed Oenomaus in the kingdom of Pisa & took Olympia from Epeus Epeus was succeeded first by his brother Ætolus & the his brother & then by Eleus the son of his sister Euricyda. For Ætolus killed Apis the son of Phoroneus & (Conon Narrat. 27. Apollodor l. 1 c. 7. sec. 6) From Eleus the people were called Eleans. He was succeded by Augeas whose stable Hercules cleansed. Augeas was then an old man & denying Hercules the reward promised him there ensued a war between them. Augeas was assisted by the sons of Actor the grandson of Epeus: but Hercules slew them, & took Elis & gave the kingdom to Phylus the son of Augeas. Hercules was therefore one generation younger then Augeas & six seven generations younger then Æolus the father of Aethlius, & by consequence Aethlius was contemporary to S Æolus flourished about 160 or 170 years before Hercules, that is in the latter end of the Priesthood of Eli. And since his son grandson Endymion was an Astronomer, we may reccon that & & the native Greeks in those days were ignorant of all arts & sciences we may reccon that his grandfather Æolus the came with his his family came from Egypt in the days of his father As Aëthlius Eli. The Eleans in giving an account of their own originals say that Saturn reigned first in the kingdom of heaven that is in Olympia, & that the men who were called the golden age built a temple to him in Olympia & that his wife Rhea when Iupiter was born committed the custody of the child to the Idæi Dactyli otherwise called the Curetes. & that five of these Idæi Dactyli whose names were Hercules, Pæonius, Epimedes, Iasius & Ida coming afterwards afterwards from Ida a mountain of Crete into Elis, there instituted the game of racing once in four years, wchwhich was the original of yethe Olympic games. Pausan. l. 5. Hellen by his sons Æolus Xuthus & Dorus had a numerous ofspring. He was contemporary to Cadmus & Erechtheus: for his second son Xuthus married one of the daughters of Erechtheus. He reigned in Thessaly & wthwith his sons Æolus & Dorus & grandsons Achæus & Ion (the sons of Xuthus) gave names to the Hellenes, Æolians, Dores, Achæans & Iones. Hellen is by some reputed the son of Deucalion the son of Prometheus, by others the son of Iupiter (Conon Narrat. 27. Apollodor l. 1. c. 7. sec. 2.) The first seems improbleimprobable: for Prometheus was an Egyptian & Deucalion an Hyperborean & both of them younger then Hellen. Oxylus the son of Acmon. 4446 D Diodorus tells us that the mysteries & sacred rites left taught by Orpheus & thence called Orphici were those wchwhich Bacchus instituted & left wthwith in TraceThrace with Charops & Oeagrs from whom Orpheus had them. that Linus who was the master of Orpheus Thamyris & Hercules & by consequence flourished in the times between the Expedition of Sesostris & that of yethe Argonauts, wrote the actions of this Bacchus in the old Pelasgic letters, & that Dionysius wrote yethe history of Bacchus & the Amazons, the Argonautic expedition & the things done at Troy, that is, he wrote the history of the Greeks beginning wthwith the expedition of Bacchus & the Amazons, going on wthwith yethe expedition of yethe Argonauts & proceeding to the expedition of yethe Argonauts & ending wthwith yethe destruction of Troy, & therefore this Bacchus flourished in the times next before the Argonautic expedition. Had he been much older his actions would not have been remembred for want of yethe use of letters Had he been older then Sesostris his actions would not have the actions of Sesostris would h in Greece would have beeing fresher in memory & come between those of Bacchus & yethe Arg. Homer places Thebes in Ethiopia, & The Ethiopians reported that the Egyptians were a colony drawn out from them by Osiris & that thence it came to pass that most of the laws of Egypt were the same with those in Ethiopia & that yethe Egyptians learnt from yethe Ethiopians yethe custome of deifying their kings. Diodor l. 3. p. 101. Letters might be invented long before in the lower Egypt, the Egyptian reed being used as the papyr and calle supp being the oldest papyr. ffor Moses who wa the Egyptians were learned before the days of Moses & he being skilled in all their learning wrote down the law in letters upon tables of stone & in books. But And this became the vulgar way of writing in Egypt after the conquest of Egypt by the Ethiopians. but the P while while But the Priests of Egypt in their sacred books used the Ethiopic character hieroglyphical character of the Ethiopians. And this shews that the religious & sacred rites wchwhich prevailed in Egypt after the expulsion of the Shepherds were yethe Æthiopic. And whilst the Æthiopians had no letters to write down sounds but used another way of writing, they wrote not down the names of men, but represented the men by hierglyphicalhieroglyphical figures, as by painting Ammon &c. And therefore this Bacchus was contemporary flourished in the times next before yethe Argonautic expedition & was contemporary to Sesostris. Had he been much older his actions would not have been remembred for want of yethe use of letters. 7 For Thebes & its territory were anciently distinguished from Coptos & its territory, the former being called Æthiopia [Αἰα Θήβων] till Homers days. The kingdoms of Ægypt before the rise of the Monarchy, became dist reduced into three or four principal ones kingdoms countrys differing in language. One was Thebes with its territory called Æthioppia by Homer. Another was Coptus & its terr the lower Ægypt called Misraim in in scripture & Aeria from Mizraim the capital Mizraim of the first inhabitants & Aeria from Abaris or Αουαρις the capital of the Shepherds. And a third was Coptus & its territory ffor called. For the language of all Egypt was afterwards called the Coptic that is till the days times of the Greek & & Latine Empires called the Coptic, that is the language of the city Coptus & its territory of Coptus. And therefore this city conquered all the rest & by conquest conquered spread its language into all AÆgypt, & together with its language it spread its name Αἰα Κοπτου Ægypt. For Herodotus tells us tha Ægypt like other nations being at first divided into many little kingdskingdoms & those kingdoms growing bigger & bigger till they grew all united into one monarchy, the main chief kingdoms wchwhich flourished next before the rise of that monarchy (suppose in yethe in yethe days of Eli & the Iudges seem to have been Thebes with the territory called Æthopia by Homer Mizzraim those of Misraim Thebes & Coptus, neither that is the lower Ægypt called Mizraim from the old capital Mizraim as above & Aeria from the capital of the shepherds Abaris or Αὀυαρις; Thebes with its territory called Thebe Æthiopia by Homer [Αἰα Θήβων] by Homer: & Coptus wthwith its territory called Ægypt; [Αἰα Κόπτου] by Herodotus Ægypt whence comes the name of Egypt. ffor Herodotus tells us that Thebais was anciently called Ægypt, & therefore that name was given to the upper Ægypt before it was given to the lower. And Thethe language of all Egypt walls called the Coptic till the times of the Greek & Latine Empire & therefore was originally yethe that is therefore was originally originally the language of Copto the city & territory of Coptus & therefore it was propagated from thence Coptus thence to all Egypt together with the name of A by conquest, together with the name of Egypt. The Kings of Coptus first first conquered Thebes & its territory & thereby extended the name of [Αἰα Κόπτου] Ægypt to all the upper part of Egypt before they conquered & then by expelling the Shepherds extended their name & language to all Egypt. And these three spake different at languages originally, the language of Thebes being Æthiopic, that of Mizraim semi Ph the language of Coptus the Coptic & the Shepherds & that of the lower Egypt a dialect of the shepherds. But the Coptic prevailed & became the language of all Egypt till the times of the Greek & Latine Empires & therefore the kings of Coptus conquered all Egypt. They first conquered Thebes & thereby extended the name of Ægypt to all Thebe their country And Ægypt to all Thebais, & then by & then by expelling the shepherds they extended the same name to all the lower Egypt. For Herodotus tells us that Thebais was anciently called Ægypt & therefore this name was given to all the upper parts of Egypt before it was given to the lower. When the Coptites conquered Thebes they might also conquer This & Elephantis unless those cities were conquered before by by Thebes. But there is no distinct account now remaining of the actions & fate of those kingdoms. Mephramathosis or his predecessors reduced all the upper Ægypt into one kingdom. He & his successor Amosis expelled the shepherds, Ammon & Sesac extended the monarchy westward to the lesser Syrtes & even to the mouth of yethe straits, southward over all in to Æthiopia above the cataracts above the Cataracts & to Arabia felix eastward into India & northward to Caucasus the black sea & Thrace. Now if Sesostris was slain in yethe 5t year of Asa & Ægypt was invaded by Boccharis And between the death of Sesostris in yethe 5t year of Asa & the Æra of Nabo or 232th year of Boccharis, there will be 11 Kings reigning 210 years wchwhich is after the rate of 19 yeeres a piece one wthwith another. The remainder of this page is written upside down. Herodotus tells us that Thethe Egyptians collected a list of 341 names of kings between the reign of Menes & that of Sennacherib Sethon who put Sennacherib to flight Herodotus tells us that the Egyptians & their Priests recconned 341 generations from the reign of Menes to that of Sethon who put Sennacherib to flight, 341 generations of men & as many High Priests of Vulcan & as many kings of Egypt: & that 300 generations make 10000 years. becau (ffor saith he, three generations of men make an thousand years hundred years.) And the remaining 41 generations make 1366 years 1340 (he should have said 1366 years.) & so the whole time from the reign of Menes to that of Sethon was 11340 years. And by this way of recconing & allotting long reigns to the Gods of Egypt Herodotus tells us from the Priests that from Pan to Amasis were 15000 years & from Hercules to Alasis 17000. The Egyptians had before the days of Solon made their antiquities above 9000 Monarchy 9000 years old, & now they reccon to Herodotus a succession of 330 kings reigning so many generations (that is, 11000 years) before Sesostris. But we are to begin wthwith Sesostris & his grandfather & if wthwith Herodotus we omit the names of those kings who did nothing memorable & consider only those whose actions are rec the rest reduced into due order will give us all or almost all the kings the kings of Egypt from the days of the expulsion of the shepherds by the grandfather of Sesostris downwards to the conquest of Egypt by Cambyses. For Sesostris – – – – Amasis Psemmiticus While the shepherds Before the expulsion of the shepherds who reigned at reigned While the shepherds reigned at Abaris over the lower Ægypt, that part of Egypt was sometimes called Aeria, I think from the capital city Abaris (or Ἀούαρις) by a small corruption of yethe word name. And Herodotus tells us that Thebais was anciently called Egypt & Homer gives the names of Æthiopia to Thebais. But after the expulsion of the shepherds the name of Ægypt was extended to the whole. Whence its probable that the names of Ægypt & Æthiopia came from Aia Coptia & Coptus Aia Theophi & Thebais came from Aia Co had its name from Coptos. Before the expulsion of the shepherds were expelled out of Egypt that par the lower Egypt that lower part of Egypt (called Mizraim in Scriptures) was sometimes called Aeria I think from the capital city Abaris [Ἀούαρις] where they shepherds reigned. And Herodotus tells us that Thebais was anciently called Ægypt: whence its probable that that name was derived from Coptos [Αἰα Κόπτου] & that the kings of Coptos conquered first Thebais & then the lower Egypt Aeria & thereby gave extended the name of Egypt to the whole. Misphramethosis & Amosis conquered Aeria, & then Ammon & Sesac carried on the conquest westward to the mouth of the straits, southward into Æthiopia & Arabia felix eastward to India, & northward to Caucasus & Thrace.   probable that the name was deduced from the Thebes the name of the old MetroplisMetropolis of Thebais [the land being calld Αια Θηβης or Αια Θεοφι] & intended then by conquest to take given first to Thebais only & then extended by conquest southward to the regions now called Æthiopia & either in the reign of Ammon who conquered them & reigned at Thebes & in that of Sesac who governed ✝ ✝ Æthiopia (including Thebais) by a President residing at Thebes, & in that of or in that of Amenophis or Memnon who reigned ever over Thebais & Æthiopia togehertogether while Osarsiphus reigned in the lower Ægypt. Homer gives the name of Æthiopia to Thebais. Whence its probable ☉ ☉ probable that the name Æthiopia came originally from Thebes the name of the old metropolis of Thebais, & was given first to Thebais only by calling it Αια Θεβης the land of Thebes (meaning the Province above Coptos above Coptos) & below the & then extended by conquest southward o yethe regions now called Æthiopia: & that this was done in the reign of Ammon who conquered Æthiopia & reigned at Thebes, & in that of Sesac who governed Thebe Æthiopia by a president residing at Thebes, & in that of Amenophis or Memnon who reigned over all the upper Egypt Thebais & Ethiopia together while Osarsiphus reigned in the over the lower Egypt. Pheron is by Herodotus –– Nuncoreus. Proteus reigned – – – or President. Amentophis reigned – – – at This & Susa. But these kings being who were much older then Sesostris might (many of them) reign over many little kingdoms in several parts of Egypt long before the days of Eli & Samuel & so are not under our consideration; If with especial If with Herodotus – & who left splendid monuments of their having reigned over that over Egypt Monarchy (such as were Temples dedicated to them, & & statues & Pyramids & Obelisks, Palaces dedicated or ascribed to them;) these kings reduced into due order will give us all or almost all the kings from the days of the expulsion of the shepherds & founding of the monarchy downwards to the conquest of Egypt by Cambyses. The language of Egypt in the time of the Greek & Roman Empires was was called yethe Coptic, that is the language of Copts the city & region of Coptus spread over Ægypt [And from Αια Κόπτου the land of Coptus came the name Ægypt. [ffor Herodotus tells us that Thebais was anciently called Ægypt. The name of Egypt was therefore extended by conquest from Coptos first through all the upper Ægypt & then to all Egypt.] This language then spread from Oi Coptus into all Egypt. And Withwith this language spread the name of Ægypt. For Herodotus tells us that this Thebais was anciently called Ægypt. [The name therefore was propagated from yethe upper Ægypt into the lower. Αἰα Κόπτου the Land of KCoptus is Ægyp] And the name Ægypt [Αἰα Κόπτου] signifies the land of Coptus. The name therefore was propagated with the language from Coptus first over all the upper Egypt by conquering Thebes & then over the lower Egypt by e 4478