Four draft chapters on prophecy (section 7.1a) Isaac Newton c. 12,235 words The Newton Project Falmer 2012 Newton Project, University of Sussex

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 'An Interpretation of Daniel's Beasts' (section 7.1b) [Yahuda Ms. 7.1b]Yahuda Ms. 7

f. 1 'Chap. 1/ Of the original of Monarchies

f. 7 'Chap. 10/ Of the daily worship & the abomination of Desolation.'

f. 9 'Chap. / Of the daily worship & abomination of desolation'

[f. 10 blank]

f. 11 'Sect. III./ Of the daily worship taken away & the abomination of desolation set up.'

 Yahuda Ms. 7.1a, National Library of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel IsraelJerusalemNational Library of Israel Yahuda MSS Yahuda Ms. 7.1a SL245 + ?

SL245, described in the Sotheby catalogue as c. 300,000 words on 975 pp., was bought at the Sotheby sale by Gabriel Wells for £48 and sold to Yahuda on 1 Aug. 1936 for the sale price plus 15%. On 24 May 1949, Yahuda wrote to the London dealer Heinrich Eisemann, 'As to lot 245 the new arrangement and replacement of the pages resulted in 1,530 pages instead of 975 pages as many pages had to be taken out from other lots. But for this manuscript I have a customer who wants to pay a much higher price than $3,800 suggested by you.' If this was true, the prospective buyer's desire to part with his or her cash presumably waned. There must subsequently have been further reordering of the manuscript as the present Yahuda Ms. 7 amounts to nowhere near 1,530 pp.

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 England Post-1700 English Latin Isaac Newton ReligionProphecy Tagged transcription begun by Shannon Higgins Transcription completed by Shannon Higgins Checking begun by John Young Checking completed by John Young Metadata updated by John Young Coding audited by Michael Hawkins 1r
Chap. 1 Of the original of Monarchies.

The whole earth was by the first inhabitants divided into very many coordinate governments according to yethe number of families. For when Moses had recconed up the posterity of Noah to yethe fourth generation he adds: These are the families of the sons of Noah after their generations in their nations & by these were the nations divided after the flood. Which is as much as to say, that as Noach divided yethe whole earth between his three sons, & gave Europe to Iaphet, Asia to Sem & Afric to Ham without making any one lord of the others territories: so each of these divided his part between his sons & each of them their parts between theirs without making any one lord of another's inheritance till the whole earth was ditstributed into independent & coordinate nations tribes & families. For what Moses saith of the division of yethe whole earth among all the posterity of Noah, he saith of yethe division of the several parts among yethe posterity of his several sons. For when he had recconed up the children of & grand children of Iaphet, he subjoins: By these were the Isles of the gentiles divided in their lands every one after his tongue after their families in their nations. And so of the rest. So then upon the first plantation of the earth there were no standing kingdoms. Every Father was sovereign Lord of his own inheritance during his life & then the sons became sovereign lords of their several shares & so on till the earth was planted with innumerable scattered families, T not yet subject to any other lords then their common fathers. of the family. Th For I here reccon every father wthwhich all his posterity to be one family & upon yethe fathers death to break into so many families as he has sons surviving him. These families by encrease of people soon grew into towns & required magistrate law makers & judges, & such little polities a town consisting of many families required a Court & a Iudges to do laws & make laws & do common justice between ymthem families. & wthereby they became a citty & cities & with with their villages & cities & cities wthwhich their villages either by consent gr these into or by conquering one another grew into kingdoms greater & greater & greater till at len they arrived to the bigness they are now at. For in Abrahams age they were so small that when the first ages the Cities & kingdoms were so small & numerous that when Abraham wthwhich 318 men beat four kings wthwhich their armies when 1v when they had newly beaten five others: & Ioshua found above thirty kingdoms in that small country the land of Canaan & in the twelft part thereof wchwhich was Iudahs lot, there were 125 Cities besides villages. So Egypt after the death of Mizraim or Menes them common father of yethe Egyptians became divided into several kingdoms all wchwhich at length by swallowing up one another grew into one. SrSir Iohn Marsham has given us catalogues of four the kings of four of those kingdoms down from yethe age old of their first king Menes the first king of all the kingdoms to yethe age of Abr yethe Patriarch Iacob. And These were the four wchwhich swallowed up the rest: for yethe great number of the ancient cities in Egypt shews that there were at first many more. So the kingdoms of the greater Asia of the lesser Asia, of Greece & of Italy were originally but small & grew to no great bigness till the kingdoms of yethe Assyrians, Medes & Persians Lydians, Macedonians & Romans swallowed up all yethe rest. And in general Iustin out of Trogus gives this account of the original of Kingdoms Principio rerum, gentium nationumque imperium penes reges erat: quos ad fastigium hujus majestatis non ambitio populans sed spectata inter bonos moderatio provehebat. Populus nullis legibus tenebatur; arbitria Principium pro legibus erant: Finis imperij tueri magis quam proferre mos erat: Intra suam cuique patriam regna finiebantur. Primus omnium Ninus rex Assyriorum veterem et quasi avitum gentibus morem nova imperij cupiditate mutavit. Hic primus intulit bella finitimis. Every country every province every kindred had at first a king of its own, till they conquered one another. As First the fathers of families were kings & then as many fathers of families as could agree together (suppose all those of a city) set up. on one a man over them to do justice & this Iudge also only Iudge he was their Iudge. their Lawgiver & their King, appointed elected therby to set up not by ambition but for his for his set up not by ambition but merit moderation & ability till these kingdoms conquered one ananother till these little polities till these polities after yethe example of Ninus made war upon one another. First the fathers of families were Iudges & Kings. & & them as many fathers as could agree together (suppose all those of a City with its villages) set up a man over them to do common justice & he was their Iudge their Lawgiver & their King, set up created not by ambition but for his moderation & ability untill And then untill these little kingdoms by conquering one another grew into greater. The world was at first govern

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and by consequence in or neare the beginning of the reign of Iosiah while he was yet young & the government was in the hands of the High Priest & the ancients of Ierusalem: at which time was Phraortes vanquished & slain by the Assyrians & therefore he & Arphaxad were coincident in time & so must be one & the same king of the Medes. And for the same reason Nebuchadonosor & Chyniladan must be either one & yethe same king of the Assyrians or at least contemporary to one another. For Arphaxad was slain in the 12th year of Nebuchadnezzaronosor according to Ieromes version of yethe book of Iudith out of the original Chaldee, and Phraortes was slain 75 years before the thirty years reign of Cyrus according to Herodotus & by consequence in the year of Nabonassar 113 or the 13th year of Chiniladan. The difference is but a year wchwhich in the chronology of those ancient times is inconsiderable. The 13th year of Chyniladon was the seventh of Iosiah. And Nebuchadonosor In that year of his reign Nebuchadonosor according to Ieroms version Nebuchadonosor sent Holofernes with an army against the nations of Syria. And on that & while the Assyrians spoiled the neighbouring nations the Iews were terrified & being newly returned from the captivity & they fortified their city & humbled themselves in sackcloth with fasting & fell down before the Altar & wthwhich ashes on their head & cryed earnestly unto the Lord that he would not deliver them into the hands of their enemy, & offered dayly burnt offerings with vows & free gifts of yethe people (Iudeth c. 4) And on that occasion Iosiah in the 8th year of his reign while he was yet young began to seek after the God of David his father (2 Chron. 34.3.) & in the 12th year of his reign after he was delivered from the army of the Assyrians he began to purge Iudah & Ierusalem from Idolatry & to destroy the High places & groves & altars & images of Baalim. The great danger & delivery affected him so much in his youth that he became the best & most religious of all the kings of Iudah.

Phraortes according to Herodotus, or more truly Astyages the successor of Phraortes was succeeded by his son Cyaxeres otherwise called Oxyares Astibares & Ashuerus Herod. l. 1who was more warlike then any of his Predecessors & first of all distinguished As the nations of Asia into Provinces & brought the army of the Medes into better order & discipline. He fought with the Lydians in the time of a total Eclips of the Sun & subdued Asia as far as yethe river Halys & in the revenge of thise fathers death of Phraortes, either he or his father Astyages prosecuted that war against the Assyrians routed them in the beginning of his reign & laid siege to Nineveh but was on a sudden set upon & opprest in battel by a great inundation of Scythians who from thence made their way towards Egypt but were met & bought off by Psammiticus & returning infested the kingdom of the Medes for about 28 years together but at length Cyaxeres invited the Scythians to a feast made them drunk slew many of them and expelled the rest.

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The last king of the Assyrians is by Ctesias called Sardanapalus, hHow truly I know not. For Strabolib. 14 tells us that the sepulcher of Sardanapalus the son of Anacyndaraxis was in Anchiole a city of Cilicia built by that king. Which makes me suspect that Sardanapalus (that is Asar-adon-pul) was rather Assar haddon the last famous king of Assyria, then the very last king of that Monarchy who burnt himself & his wthwhich his palace & family at the destruction of Nineveh, & by consequence was not buried in Anchiale. But yet if Anacyndaxraxis was king of Assyria as Suidas affirms, Assarhaddon might be succeeded by the four last kings of Nineveh Assyria might be Nebuchadonosor, Anacyndaraxis & Sardanapalus.

The last king of Assyria was Sardanapalus. He whom Polyistor calls Saracus is by others called Sardanapalus. He built Tarsus & Anchiale in Cilicia the same day & was the son of Anacyndaraxis, according to Strabo & Arrian, & Suidas tells us that Anacyndaraxis was king of Assyria. Whence its probable I reccon that the four last kings of Assyria were Assarhaddon, Nebuchadonosor, Anacyndaraxis & Sardanapalus, & that the kings of Babylon Saosducinus, Chiniladon & Nabopolassar were Satrapas under the three last of them untill Nabopolasser revolted from Sardanapalus. In Anchiale Sardanapalus had a monument, but whether he was buried in it built a sepulcher for himself, but whether he was buried in it may be doubted seing authors tells us that he was burnt in Nineveh. Nabopolasser contracted affinity wthwhich the Medes △ △In the mean time Polyistor apud Euseb. Chron. gr.Nabopolassar whom the king of Assyria had made Commander of his forces in Chaldea contracted affinity with the Medes marrying his son Nebuchadnezzar to Amyite the daughter or grand daughter of the of Astyages king of the Medes & conspired with them against the king of Assyria. The Medes therefore invading Assyria returning to beseige Nineveh, Nabopolasser revolted to them & when they they were possest of the entrances of the City the King of Assyria whom Polyistor calls Saracus others call Sardanapalus burnt himself & his Palace & the Medes & Babylonians overthrew destroyed Nineveh & shared the kingdom of the Assyrians. & Nabopolasser took the kingdom of the Chaldeans. This victory the Greeks usually refer to the Medes the Iews to the Chaldeans, Tobit Iosephus & Ctesias to both.

So then the reign of Nabopolasser began at the destruction of Nineveh, & therefore Nineveh was destroyed in the year of Nabonasser 123, that being the first year of Nabopolasser according to the Canon of Ptolomy: for understanding wchwhich you are to note that every kings reign in that Canon began with the last Thoth of his Predecessor & ended wthwith the last Thoth of his own reign, the odd months & days of the last yeare of every kings being neglected in summing up the years of the kings & referred to the first year of the next king, as I gather by comparing the reigns of the Roman Emperors in the Canon with their reigns recorded in years months & days by other authors.

From the revolting of the Chaldeans & their conquest of Nineve began a new Æra of the kingdom of Babylon to wchwhich Ezekiel refers in the beginning of his Prophesy when he saith Ezek. 1.1Now it came to pass in the 30th year [that is in the 30th year of the Chaldeans] wchwhich was the fift year of Iehojakin's captivity, the word of the Lord came unto me in the land of the Chaldeans. Nineveh was therefore destroyed and The new kingdom of the Chaldeans was therefore erected 30 years before the fift year of the Iehojakims captivity & by consequence in the 17th year of Iosiah wchwhich was the first year of Nabopolasser as above.

And on this occasion Iosiah in the 18th year of his reign repaired the Temple & kept the biggest Passover that ever was kept, giving to the people for offerings 3000 Bullocks & 30000 of the flock besides what the Princes & people offered. In the 12th year of Chyniladan or Nebuchadonosor Iosiah (wchwhich was the sixt year of Iosiah) Nebuchadonosor vanquished yethe Medes & slew Phraortes Phraortes as above. The next year Cyaxeres the son of Phraortes beat yethe Assyrians, & returned to the siege of Nineveh, T & was set upon & beaten by the Scythians. The next year wchwhich was the 8th year of Iosiah the Scythians invaded Syria & Phenicia & endeavouring to enter Egypt were bought off by Psammiticus. And hereupon Iosiah in the 8th year of his reign while he was yet young began to seek after the God of David his father (2 Chron. 34.3) & in the 12t year of his reign wchwhich was the 18th of Nebuchadonosor, Holofernes invaded Syria & Iudea & was slain by Iudeth & Iudea

being By the fall of Nineveh the kingdom of Babylon wchwhich had hitherto been a small one, grew great & potent. The reigns of its kings are stated in Ptolemy's Canon: for understanding wchwhich you are to note that every kings reign in that Canon began wthwhich the last Thoth of his Predecessor – – – – – – – months & days by other authors. And this makes it probable that the Iews began the reigns of their kings wthwhich the first of Nisan by their sacred years wchwhich began wthwhich the Month Nisan eastern nations consisted of Syria & Assyria consisted of Assyria Syria & Phœnicia began counted the reigns of their kings until by their civil years, & recconning that the first year of their reign in wchwhich wchwhich their reign began, & in summing up their years, referring the odd months & days of the last year to the first year of the next king. And according to this way of recconning the Iews might begin the reigns of their kings wthwhich yethe first day of the month Nisan of that year in wchwhich each king began to reign. And according to this way of recconning the first year of Nebuchadnezzar may be wholy coincident wthwhich yethe 4th of Iehojakim & the 18th wthwhich the 10th of Zedekiah of Zedekiah & the 19th wthwhich the 11th, as they seem to be. Whence it appears of from ytthat Canon that Chiniladon died Anno Nabonassar in yethe year of Nabonassar 123, Nabopolassar in yethe year 144 & Nebuchadnezzar in the year 187. This last king died in the 37the year of Iehojakins captivity (2 King. XXV.27) & therefore Iehojakin was captivated in the 150th year of Nabonassar. This captivity was in the eighth year of Nebuchadnezzar's reign over Iudea (2 King. XXIV.12) For the first year of his reign began in the was the fourth of Iehojakims & Iehojakim reigned 11 years before this captivity (2 King XXIII 36) & therefore Nebuchadnezzar began his reign in Iudea in yethe year of Nabonassar 142 two years before his fathers death & three years before that, that is vizt in the year of Nabonassar 139 Iehojakim succeeded his father Iosiah. In yethe Eleventh yeare after of yethe captivity of Iehojakim & 19th of Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings XXIV 8), that is in the year of Nabonasserbonasser 160 in the fift month of the Iewish year Ierusalem & the Temple were burnt And as the Chaldeans counted the reign of their kings by the years of Nabonassar, so the Iews (as their authors tell us)2 Abendana p. 172 counted the reign of theirs by the years of Moses beginning every year wthwhich the month Nisan. For if any king commenced his reign a few days before this month began it was recconed to him for a whole year & the beginning of this month was accounted the beginning of the second year of his reign. According to wchwhich recconing the first year of Iehojakim began with the month Nisan in yethe year of Nabonasser 139. An. Abr. 1392, tho his reign might not really begin till 4 or 5 months after. In this year therefore Pharaoh Nechoh the successor of Psammiticus came with a great army out of Egypt against the king of Assyria – – – – – – – – to tribute. And this war being waged against the king of Assyria, the kingdom of Assyria was not yet overthrownfallen :(for yethe king of Babylon is never called king of Assyria in scripture. But it fell within a year or two. For in the third year of Iehojakim Nebuchadnezzar assisted by Astibares (that is Assuerus) king of the Medes, in pursuing their victory over the Assyrians, came with an army 4r Berosus tells us that the father of Nebuchadnezzar hearing that the Satrapa set over Ægypt & Syr Cælosyria & Phœnicia had revolted , & sent hi being unable to beare yethe fatigue of war any longer, sent his son NebuchnezzarNebuchadnezzar against him wthwhich part of his army against the revolter & that Nebuchadnezzar fought & overcame the revolter & recovered his territories dominions & then the father Nabopolasser died Darius was the son of Assuerus Achsueres (or Ahasuirus as yethe Masorets corruptly call him) of the seed or royal family of the Medes. Dan 9.1. Achsuerus, Oxyares, & Axeres or Cy-Axeres that is Prince Axeres are the same name & For that king who took Nineveh is by Tobit called Assuerus & by Herodotus Cyaxeres. Now Cyaxeres (according to Xenophon) was the son of Artyages & succeeded him in the throne of the Medes, This is that Assuerus or & gave his daughter to as Astyages gave one of his daughterdaughters Mandane to Cambyses the father of Cyrus & another of his daughters to Nebuchadnezzar, so Cyaxeres gave his daughter to Cyrus, not after the taking of Babylon as Xenophon represents but long before when she was young & handsome. For she Xenophon tells us that she was reported to be very handsome & that she & Cyrus were playfellows when they were both children & that she used then to say that she would marry Cyrus; And & I reccon that Cambyses who succeedesucceeded Cyrus was her son. She was therefore the sister of Darius of about the same age with Cyrus & Darius, being the sister of the one & wife of the other, For & all of them being the grandchildren of Astyages. For Darius was 62 years old at the taking of Babylon & Cyrus was at the same time 61 years old being 70 years old when he died & reigning 9 years after the taking of Babylon. So then these four kings reigned successively over the Medes Astyages, Cyaxeres, Darius & Cyrus & Cyaxeres was a young man of about the same age wthwhich Nebuchadnezzar & Astyages was of about the same age with Nebuchadnezzar Nabopolasser & their sons Cyaxeres & NebuchadnezzNebuchadnezzar were also contemporary & both both of them were young men when they led the armyies of their fathers against Babylon Nineveh. For Nineveh was taken by them about 69 years before Babylon In those early ages the name of king was taken by Cy Darius & Cyrus. The remainder of the text on this page is written upside down. The 13 year of Chiniladon was yethe seventh or eighth year of Iosiah & hence it seems that the great successe of the king of Assyria – of Iudah Baalim & continued & in the 18th year of his reign when he had purged the land, upon the revolting of the Chaldeans from the Assyrians whereby he was freed from their terrors, he rejoyced by: keeping a greater the biggest Passover feast that ever was kept by David Solomon or any king of Iudah any of the kings of Isr any former king giving to yethe people for offerings 3000 BallocksBullocks & 30000 of yethe flock besides what the Princes & people offered [And By the greatness of his dangers & deliverances while he was young he became the best of all the kings of Israel & Iudah] For For ‡ when Nabopolasser whom the king of Assyria had made commander of his forces in Chaldea had newly revolted from the Assyrians & conspired with the Medes against them, [by wchwhich means Iosiah was freed] & this revolt happened in yethe 17 or 18th year of Iosiah because Nabopolassar began his reign in that according to] & the first year of his reign was yethe 17 or 18th of Iosiahs, Anno Nabonassar 123 according to Ptolomys Canon. Iosiah being thereby freed from the error of yethe Assyrians, rejoyced by keeping the biggest Passover feast that ever was kept giving to yethe people for offering 3000 bullocks & 30000 of the flock besides what the Princes & people offered. & the first year of his reign was yethe 17 or 18th year of Iosiah's anno Nabonassari 123 according to Ptolomy's Canon. This Iosiah by the greatnes of his dangers & deliverances while he was young became yethe best of all the kings of Israel & Iudah. Now Nabopolassar to strengthen himself against the king of Assyria maried his daughters contracted affinity wthwhich sent to Astyages Prince of the the Medes, marrying & married his son Nebuchadnezzar to Amyite dthe daughter of Astyages, as Polyistor relates, & Nebuchadnezzar coming wthwhich an army against the king o to Nineve, & Saracus against Saracus king of the Assyrians their king whom PlyistorPolyistor calls Saracus was terrified therewith & burnt himself with his Palace & the Medes & Babylonians took & destryeddestroyed Nineve. This victory over the Assyrians the Greeks usually refer to the Medes, the Iews to the Chaldeans, Tobit Iosephus & Ctesias to both. In this expedition the army of the Medes was led on by Cyaxeres as Herodotus informs us & Cyaxeres as Xenophon tells us that Cyaxeres was the son of Astyages & by consequence the brother in law of Nebuchadnezzar. Tobit calls him Assuerus saying that Nineveh was taken by Nebuchadonosor & Assuerus. F For Cya-Axeres that is Prince Axeres is yethe same name wthwhich Assuerus & Oxyares & Assuerus. 4v Now since Pharaoh Necho took this expedition against the king of Assyria its plain that Nineveh was not yet destroyed, but it seems to have be beseiged at this time by Nebuchadnezzar & Assuerus & taken the year following that is in the 17th year of Nabopolasser & taken within a year or two, as is represented in the Hebrew chronicle called Sedar Olim Rabbah For in yethe 18thyear of Nabopolasser – – – – – to yethe river of Euphrates. Berosus tells us that the father of Nebuchadnezzar hearing that the Satrapa set over Egypt Cælosyria & Palestine Phœnicia had revolted, & being unable to bear yethe fatigue of war any longer, sent his son Nebuchadnezzar with part of his army against the revolter & that Nebuchadnezzar fought & overcame the revolter & recovered his dominions. By the revolting Satrapa he means Pharaoh Nechod, & thence I seem to gather that Ægypt Cælosyria Phœnicia & Egypt were subject to the Assyrians till Nebuchadnezzar & Assuerus beseiged Nineveh, that Pharaoh Necho took occasion from that seige to revolt, & that Iosiah out of fidelity to the king of Assyria opposed the passage of the revolter Pharaoh through Palestine & that so soon as Nebuchadnezzar & Assuerus had taken Nineveh they led their army against Pharaoh, & recovered all Syria from him to yethe king of Babylon in right of the king of Nineveh Assyria whom they had conquered, & dividing that the the kingdom of Assyria being divided between them, Mesopotamia & Syria fell to the lot of t share of the king of Babylon. Nineveh was therefore taken in yethe 17th or 18th year of Nabopolasser, or beginning of the 18th. The Hebrew chronicle called Sedar Olim Rabbah saith it was taken in yethe first year of Nebuchadnezzar, dating his reign from the his expedition of t against Ph Pharoah as if it immediately succeeded the destruction of that city While NebuchadnezzNebuchadnezzar, after his victory over Pharoah Necho was acting in Syria – These four regions belonged not to yethe bodies of yethe two first beasts, they became so were under yethe dominion of yethe Greeks before yethe Greeks overthrew the Persian Empire, they continued under their dominion till the empire of the Romans arose they speeake yethe Greek language, & after the division of yethe Roman Empire C into the Greek & Latin Empires they all belonged to yethe Greek Empire till the Saracens invaded Egypt & Syria & therefore in Dani they are all very properly referred to yethe body of the third Beast. So then the Alexander the gGreat – – – – So then there remains for the body of yethe fourth Beast all the nations of the Roman Empire wchwhich lye on this side Greece & Egypt & wchwhich after the division of this Empire between the Greeks & Latines made up the Latin or Western Empire. And therefore within the compass of these western nations we are to look for the ten horns of the fourth Beast & yethe eleventh horn wchwhich rose up after yethe ten & rooted up three of them in its rise. Alexander yethe great died at Babylon An. I. P. 4390 & was succeeded in Macedon & Greece (the western head of the Leopard) by Arideus Antipater Cassender & others down to Perseus whom yethe Romans conquered an. I. P. 4546 & in Egypt by Ptolom & neighbouring parts of Arabia & Afric (the southern head) he was succeeded by Ptolomeus Lagi & other Greeks down to Cleopatra in the end of whose reign the Romans Augustus reduced Egypt into a Roman Province an. I P. I. 4684 Selaucus, saith Iustin, possessing the kingdom of yethe East built there a city wchwhich he named called Antiochus who from his after the name of his father Antiochus, & thence he invaded Babylonia & Bactria & hHe & his posterity reigned in Syria till Pompey reduced sby their civil discords yethe kingdom fell into yethe hands of Tigranes king of Armenia & 18 years after was reduced into a Roman Province by Lucullus & Pompey an. P. I. 4645. Asia minor (yethe northern head) fell into yethe hands of Antigonus & his son Demetrius who rei & at length was w who reigned there till Demetrius was conquered by Seleucus king of Syria an. P. I 4426. From wchwhich time the kingdoms of Asia & Syria con were remained united under one king. bBut yet they are still represented by two horns, much after yethe manner ytthat the kingdoms of yethe Medes & Persians have but one king & yet are represented by the two horns of the Ram untill such time yethe very fall of yethe Persian Empire. when For then it is yethe Ram H he Goat smit smites the Ram & breaks both his two yethe horns together his two horns. Out of the kingdom of Asia arose yethe kingdoms of Pergamus wchwhich by the last will & testament of Attalus descended to yethe Romans & in their power became mighty & inlarged it self southward into Egypt & eatwardeastward into Syria So then these four regions of Greece Asia Syria & Egypt being at first & in the reign of Vespasian & Titus & being propagated through their Empires by a new separation took away at length separated from it & became the Greek Empire seated at Constantinople And this was yethe little horn of yethe Goat wchwhich came out of a distinct kingdoms of yethe Greeks & then uniteding under the Romans & afterwar the separation of yethe Greeks from yethe Latins composinged the united body of yethe Greek Empire wchwhich was monarchicalk & stood intire till the Saracens invaded it & therefore they may justly be recconed the four & heads & wings of ytthat Greek Empire & to compose that body wchwhich to this day is represented by the four headed & four winged Leopard & by Th the Goat wthwhich four wing horns wchwhich Daniel tells us signifies the kingdom of the Greeks divided towards yethe foursfour winds of heaven. § And whilst the three first Beasts signify to this day all the nations of the Assyrian Medo-Persian & Grecian Empires, that is all the nations from India to Greece & Egypt there remains for the body of the fourth Beast – – – – three of them in its rise. These Beasts or Kingdoms are plainly distinguished also by their language. The first spake the Chalde Assyrian Assyrian & Chaldean, the second the Persian, the third Greek & yethe fourth the Latin. For yethe Greek was spoken in all yethe Eastern Greek Empire & the Latin in all yethe Latin. But the Greek was not spoken in the Latin Empire notr the Latin in yethe Greek. By this character therefore the third & fourth Beast are distinguisht even when they are united in dominion. And by these commotions the Latin Empire became divided 5v Now this fourth Beast saith Daniel was dreadful & terrible & strong exceedingly & had great iron teeth & nails of brass & devoured & brake in pieces & stamped the residue with its feet & such was the Roman Empire. Twas more stron dreadful terrible & strong in battel then any of the former kingdoms, & th accordingly had a larger dominion & stood much longer then any of those. It devoured saith Daniel the whole earth & trode it down & brake it in pieces & & hereby its dominions are distinguished into two parts, the nations wchwhich composed the body of yethe Beast & thes before it began to be considered in this prophesy or which it afterwards devoured & converted into its body & the nations wchwhich it stamped wthwhich its feet & brake in pieced. The first are the Latins yethe other the nations of yethe former empires, & principally of the Greeks Those nations it conquered subdued & reigned over but they belong to yethe bodies of the three former Beasts. And it was divers from all the Beasts that were before it. They were governed by Kings, this by a Senate & yearly Consuls. And it had ten horns: that is it became divided into ten kingdoms. It was not so divided iat its first rise but for then it could not have been so dreadfull & exceeding strong, but in the latter part of its reign it brake into ten became divided. The first part of its reign is signified by the iron legs of Nebuchadnezzars statue & in their reign yethe kingdom is said to be strong as iron & to break in pieces & bruise as iron that breaketh all things in pieces & subdueth all things Dan 2.33, 40. The latter part of its reign is signified by the feet of yethe statue wchwhich consisted of iron & clay mixed together & had ten toes. In this respect of yethe toes Daniel saith yethe kingdom shall be divided & in respect of yethe iron & clay that wchwhich adhere not together that it shall be partly strong as iron & partly brittle & they shall not cleave together. Dan. 2.41, 42, 43. We are therefore to seek for yethe ten horns in the latter times of the fourth kingdom when it begins to grow weak & divided. The ten horns out of this kingdom, saith Daniel are ten kings that shall arise & another shall arise after them. Now the Roman Empire continued united & in its full strength till the death of Constantine yethe great Theodosius wchwhich was 561 years after dated from the conquest of Greece by yethe Romans & if at any time it became was shaken it became as in the time of yethe 30 Tyrants it soon recovered. Constantine left it divided between his sons. Constantius reunited it & left it divided into yethe Greek & Latin Empires an. P. I. & or divided, as at yethe death of Constantine, it soon recovered. Theodosius (an. P. I. left it divided into yethe Greek & Latin Empires seated at Rome & Constantinople & the Latin Empire twelve or 13 years after vizt in yethe le vizt in yethe yeare 408 409 & 410 it became divided at once into yethe Greek & Latin ten kingdoms. /For in yethe beginning of the year of But A.C. 408 end of yethe year A.C. 407 a great army a great army of divers northern nations Vandals Alans Suevians, Burgurndians ch under several their proper kings passed the Rhine at Ments invaded Gallia & caused yethe T Salian Franks wchwhich were seated on the in Gallia within yethe Empire to rise up in arms & yethe Romans to relinquish Britain. The Vandal Alans Suevians & one body of yethe Alans went streight on into Spain & after these nations had ravaged both Gallia & Spain they seated themselves there in several Kingdoms & in yethe year of Christ 427 the Vandals rose from their seats in Spain invaded Afric & seated themselves there. In the mean time yethe Visigoths rose from their seats in Pannonia beseiged Rome & took it A.C. 410 & then retired into Gallia & Spain & a body of Hunns succeeded the Visigoths in Pannonia the Vand under several kings, the Vandals under Godegisilus the Goths Alans in two bodies one under Godegisilus Goar another under Resplendial, the Suevi under Ermeric & the Burgundians under Gundicar arising from their seats in Germany & Sarmatia being invited by Stilico a Roman general arose from their seats in Germany & Sarmatia passed the Rhine at Ments, the last day of December & invaded yethe adjacent parts of Gallia/ Thereupon the Salian Francs who had been long seated in yethe Empire in the regions of Toxandria & Tongria rose up in arms shared their conquests & attackt attackt & routed yethe Vandals slew 20000 of them wthwhich their king Resplendial Godegisilus & had slain yethe rest had not Goar wthwhich his a body of Alans come to their assistance. Then Resplendial with his Alans & the Vandals & Suevi left went from the Rhene towards Spain & being stopt for a time by the Pyrenean mountains ravaged Aquitain & the neighbouring parts of Gallia till But upon the 28 of Sept A.C. 409 the Pyrenean passage being was betrayed to them & they entered Spain, & & harassed the country Spain & at length A.C. 411 divided their conquests by lot. In the meane time the other Barbarians harrassed Gallia & yethe Britains fell off from yethe Empire & [yethe Franks making Theudemer their king, after they had entr beaten yethe Vandals they took Trevirs plundred Trevirs, attackt yethe Gauls of Brabant, but being stoutly resisted persuaded them to fall of from yethe Romans & joyn wthwhich them wchwhich they did under Pharamund their common king & by marriages they intermixt & became one people & were afterwards strengthened by a new access of Franks from beyond yethe Rhene] & Stilico & while the Western Latin Empire was thus engaged Stilico designing to invade yethe Greek Empire called the Visigoths from their seats6r seats in Pannonia where they lived in subjection to yethe Empire & sent them into Epire under yethe command of Alaricus designing soon after to follow them with his army. But being stopt by the Emperor & afterwards detected & slain as a Traytorous cow Alaric came returned back from Epire invaded Italy & sackt R & calling his brother out of Pannonia wthwhich wtwhat further force he had there, he invaded Italy A.C. 408. And at the same time the Hunns invaded the deserted seats of yethe Goths in Pannonia & Alyricam & the western Emperor fearing to be shut up in Rome retired to Ravenna. Then For the Goths beseiged Rome & took it A.C. 410, after wchwhich they & then steated themselves in Gallia. This was the occasion & manner of rending the Latin or Western Empire into ten the ten following kingdoms ten kingdoms, & these kingdoms are as follows. 1 The Kingdom of yethe Vandals. in Spa They invaded Gallia A.C. 408, Spain A.C. 409 & Afric A.C. 427 & reigned in Afric till A.C. 533.. In Spain they were seated in Gallicia & Bœtica Their Kings were Godegisilus, Gunderic, Geiseric Hunneric Gundemund Thrasamund Hilderic Gelimer. 2 The Suevians Kingdom of the Suevians. They entred Spain A.C. 409 reigned there & reigned in Gallæcia & Lusitania grew a potent kingdom & reigned there 177 years. They were seated in Gallæcia & Lusitania & afterwards in Betica also & the Carthaginensian Province. Their Kings were Ermeric, Rechila, Rehiarius Maldra Frumarius Regis mundus &c. The kingdom of yethe Alans in Spain. This was the most potent of yethe Barbarous kingdoms in Spain but lasted only ten years in itits greatness. Its kings were Resplendial & Ataces. The Visigoths A.C. 14 419 slew Ataces wthwhich almost all his army. And then yethe Alans subjected themselves to Gunderic king of yethe Vandals but yethe next year withdrew their obedience & returned to Lusitania & the Carthagenensian provincprovince where they lived as in a Commonwealth wthoutwithout a king tributary to yethe Romans giving the name Catta Catalonia (i.e. Catti-Alania) to yethe region & in yethe year 448 they warred upon yethe Romans & in Carpentam & yethe Carthaginensian province & wasted their cityies but were soon checkt by the Suevians 4 The kingdom of yethe Alans in Gallia. Their kings were Goar Sambida Eocharich, Sangibanus, Beurgus &c. Vnder Goar they invaded Gallia A.C. 408 & had seats given them by yethe Emperor neare the Rhene A.C. 412 as had also their Confederates yethe Burgundians. Vnder Sambida they had they had yethe territories of Valence given them by Ætius the Emperors general A.C 440. & Vnder Eocharic they had a region of the rebelling Armorici given them by Ætius & conquered it. This region was from them named Alenconium quasi Alanorum conventus. Vnder Sangibanus they were invaded & their regal city Orleans beseiged by Attila king of the Hunns wthwhich a vast army. Whereupon Ætius & his associates came to raise the siege & beat yethe Hunns in a that memorable battel AC 491 in campi Catalannici so called from these Alans mixt wthwhich yethe Chatti. The region is now contractly called Campain. A year or two after Attila returned again wthwhich an immense army to conquer this kingdom but was again beaten by them & yethe Goths who came to their assistance in a battel of three days continuance wthwhich a slaughter almost as great as the former. Vnder Beurgus or Biorgor they infested Gallia round about till the reign of Maximus the Emperor & then they troubled Italy past yethe Alps in winter & came into Liguria but were there beaten & Beurgus slain by Ricimer the Emperors General. A.C. 464. Afterwards they were again beaten by the joint force of Odoacer king of Italy & Childeric king of yethe Francks about yethe year 480, & again by the Franks under Theudebert king of yethe Austrian Franks about yethe year 4511 5 The kingdom of the Burgundians. Their Kings were Gundicar, Gundioc, Bilimer, Gundobald, Sigismund, Godomarus. Vnder Gundicar they invaded Gallia A.C. 408 & had seats given them by yethe Emperor neare the Rhene in Gallia Belgica A.C. 412 They were now so potent that Orosius A.C. 417 wrote of them Burgunionum esse prævalidam prævalidam et perniciosam manum Galliæ hodieque testes sunt in quibus praesumpta possessione consistunt. About yethe year 435 they received great overthrows by Ætius & soon after by the Huns, but five years after had Savoy granted them to be shared wthwhich the Inhabitants, & from that time they became again a potent kingdom being for a time bounded by the river Rhodanus but afterwards extending much further into the heart of Gallia. Gundobald conquered the regions about the rivers Araris & Rhodanus wthwhich the territories of Marseille & invaded Italy in yethe reign of Glycerius. Godomarus made Orleans his royal seat whence yethe kingdom was called Regnum Aurelianorum. He was conquered by Clotharius & Childebert kings of yethe Francks A.C. 526. And from thence forward this kingdom was sometimes united to yethe kingdom of yethe Franks sometimes divided from it till the reign of Charles yethe great who made his son Carotus king of Burgundy & From thence forward that time for above 300 years together it enjoyed its proper kings, And was then broken into yethe Dukedome of Burgundy & County of Burgundy & County of Savoy, & afterwards those were broken into other less counties. The remainder of the text on this page is written upside down. In Macedon & Greece yethe western head of the Leopar Alexander the great died & at first his captains shared his kingdom an. I. P. 4390 & was succeeded in Macedon & Grece by Arideus (the western head of yethe Leopard) by Arideus Antipater Cassander & others down to Perseus whom yethe Romans conquered an I. P. 4546, & in Egypt (the southern head) by Ptolomeus Lagi & other Greeks down to Cleopatra in whom yethe Romans can the end of whose reign Augustus reduced Egypt into a Roman Province an. I. P. 4684. Seleucus reigned in Syria (the eastern head) & Eumenes & Antigonus with his son Demetrius in Asia the Mir minor (the northern): but Seleucus built Antioch thence invaded Babilonia & extended his kingdom dominion eastward as far as Persia. & He extended it also northward into Asia minor conquering Ant Demetrius an I. P. 4426, & thenceforward he & his successors are considered in the last Prophesy of Daniel as kings of yethe North, & reigned with his posterity (wthwhich the Kingdom of Pergamus rose rose (wchwhich is the last horn of yethe Goat) rose out of their kingdom & (wchwhich wthwhich the kingdom of Pergamus till the Romans conquered them. [For the Kingdom of Pergamus is yethe last horn of yethe Goat as shall be shewed hereafter.] These four regions making up the four headed body of yethe third beast with there remains for the body of the fourth beast the all This But at length all these dominions of yethe Greeks (upon yethe founding of Constantinople) became divided again from the western part of yethe Roman Empire & whoich had conquered them & made up alone composed the body of the Greek Empire (as it was usually called) till the Saracens & Turks invaded it. This Empire consisting of those nations wchwhich made up the b This Empire being monarchicall possesses all & consisting of all those nations & wchwhich to this day are signified by yethe Leopard & he Goat, & being now monarchicall must be the he Goat in yethe reign of his last horn. This I This horn was at first originally the kingdom of Pergamus. It was In its first rise it was a little one & so was the kingdom of Pergamus. It arose out of one of yethe four horns & so did yethe kingdom of Pergamus namely out of yethe northern horn. It was at In its first rise it was a little one & so was the kingdom of Pergamus. It waxed exceeding great towards yethe south & towards yethe east & towards yethe pleasanpleasant land or Iudea, that is it extended & arose in a north west quarter & extended its dominion into the southern & eastern & regions of Egypt Syria & Phenicia & so did the kingdom but of Pergamus in conjunction wthwhich the Romans. For its was mi power was mighty but not by its own power. Dan. 8.24. It was not For this horn was not destroyed rooted up or broken by a Roman conquest but by its the last will & testament of its last king Attalus it left the Roman descended to yethe Romans by right of succession & inheritance. Attalus yethe last king of Pergamus by his last will & testament left his crown to his kingdoom theto yethe Romans, his heir, so that they succeeded him in yethe crown of the PermamusPergamus & inherited the kingdom as his heir & successor. And therefore the kingdom is to be recconed still in being tho under their dominion. This kingdom was in league wthwhich yethe Romans & by their assistance had conquered almost all Asia minor before they inherited it. In their wars with Perseus it also assisted the Romans
7r Chap. 10 Of the daily worship & the abomination of Desolation. In the prophesies of Daniel that wchwhich is usually translated the dalydaily worshi sacrifice is usua more proper in the Hebrew only called the daily & may be inter more as properly translated the daily worship. This worship is opposite to the abomination of desolation that is to the worship of fals Gods & Idols & in that respect signifies the worship of the true God without an image. such a worship as is prescribed in the first & second commandment. Thou shall have no other Gods before me: And thou shalt not make to thy self any graven image. nor the likeness of any thing. That is Thou shalt have in thy worship no other Gods in my sight, thou shalt me alone the worship me alone the God who in six days made the heaven & earth & all that in them is & rested the seventh day, & thou shalt not add to me any other Gods in thy worship, neither shalt thou make to thee in thy worship any graven image or the likeness of any thing. For these worship of the Iews commandments are practical & respect the worship of the Iews. We are not forbidden to give the name of Gods to Angels & kings but we are forbidden to worship them ‡ ‡ them as Gods. And We are forbidden to worship them not only as supreme infinite & eternal Gods but even as inferior & subordinate Gods. We are forbidden to worship them in such a sense as the heathens worshipped their Gods who took them for nothing more then Lords the souls of men dead men mediators between God & man Lords who reigned over us under the supreme God. For to us in our worship there is but one God the father almighty & one mediator between God & man, the God & one Lord man Christ Iesus; one God & one Lord; one God to whom we are to give honour & glory & praise & thanks & worship for creating all things & preserving us & giving us our daily bread & one to whom we are to direct our prayers for what we want; & one Lord & Mediator to whom we are to give honour & glory & thanks for redeeming us with his blood & in whose name we are to direct all our prayers to God. And this worship of one God before untill the coming of the Messiah & of one God & one Lord ever since his coming & his resurrection from the dead is the principall part of the daily worship. For there was also a less principal part wchwhich consisted in offering sacrifices to God. The first part is moral & the second is only ceremonial. The first was performed in all the synagogues, the second was performed only in the Now the worship of this God was partly ceremonial & transient, partly moral & eternal. The ceremonial part consisted principally in sacrifices, the moral in prayers praises & thanksgivings. The gentiles sacrificed in all their cities, & To take away these sacrifices might have been difficult & therefore Moses & the Prophets notdid not totally take them away but only restrained them to the Tabernacle, & made simple them typical & signicant of future things & to yethe Temple wchwhich was to succeed it & to recommend them & to make render them the more significant & pious he made them typical. The moral worship wchwhich consisted in prayers praises & thanksgiving was performed daily in the synagogue or the Church & in all the synagogues of the Iews & Cathedral Churches or synagogues of the Christian Gentiles. And the daily worship some being more novel then of sacrificing & syn in all the synagogues. For this purpose there was a synagogue in the Temple, there was a synagogue in every city of the Iews & there might be a synagogue of either Iews or Christians in any city of the Romans * * & in like manner the Christian synagogues called Cathedral Churches were set up in all the cities of the Christians & had a daily worship in them. And this daily worship in the synagogues being more excellent & universal then that of sacrificing in the Temple deserves in this prophesy much more to be represented & called the daily. & is chiefly opposed to the abomination of desolation & lasted till that abomination was set up in its room not only in the Temple but also more especially in the synagogues of both Iews & Christian Gentiles Temple; & where the daily worship was performed there was the sanctuary of strength. The Empire was in wchwhich the ceremonial daily worship was performed & the synagogues taken colle were the sanctuaries of strength & collectively the sanctuary in wchwhich the moral daily worship was performed. For as many fals prophets are collectively called the fals prophet Apoc 19.20 & many churched are called the Church Eph. 5.25 & many synagogues Temples are called the Temple 2 Thess. 2.4, & many synagogues are called the synagogue Apoc. 2.9. so many sanctuaries are by Daniel collectively called the sanctuary. The Prince of yethe host being Christ, the host must be the Christian Church of Christ & the sanctuary must be the place of the Christian worship, & by consequence wchwhich place is the synagogues, or Churches of yethe Christian Iews & Gentiles. taken collectively Now this daily worship was taken away from the synagogues of the Iews & the abomination of desolation set up in their land in the reign of the Emperor Adrian when the Iews were banished their land upon pain of dearth & the worship of the Gentiles was set up in all their cities. But in the synagogues or Cathedral Churches of the Christians the daily worship remained untill the king arose who did according to his will & in his seat together with a strange God began to set up the worship of Mahuzzims that8r that is, untill a new Greek Empire arose. For the whole prophesy of the scripture of truth concerns the Greek Empire The Greeks continued in subjection to the Latines till the reign Dioclesian & his colleagues erecting building of Constantinople & then the Greeks separated & made that city became the metropolis of a new standing Greek Empire then arose a new king was the Mahuzzims to be set up seat of a new king the Greeks separated & made that became a new kingdom Empire seated at that city, & accordingly is represented in this prophesy by a new king the king who doth according to his will & saets up the worship of Mahuzzims with a strange God whom his fathers knew not & prospers in these practices till the indignation be accomplished. § The daily worship was to be taken away by the last horn of the He Goat, & the He Goat is by Daniel interpreted to signify the King of Greece, & his last horn is said to grow very g wax exceeding great even to the host of heaven & to cast down of the stars to the grownd & is called a king of fierce countenance whose power should be mighty but not by his own power, wchwhich (as we said) is to be understood of the Greeks growing mighty under the dominion & by their power of the Romans. In this state he was to wax grow exceeding great even to the host of heaven & to cast down of the starrs to the grownd: wchwhich is to be understood of his laying wast making desolate the Iews & persecuting the Christians. And after this he is said to magnify himself even to the Prince of the host & to take away the daily worship & cast down the place of his saanctury. The Prince of the host is Iesus Christ & the dail therefore the daily worship here taken away is the worship of the Christians & the place of his sanctuary is the place of the worship of the Christians, that is their synagogues or Churches Cathedral Churches taken collectively. For these are the Temple of God in wchwhich the man of sin was to sit as a God after he had taken away the dayly worship. And to this double exaltation of this horn, (first up to heaven to cast down of the stars to the grownd & then up to the Prince of the host called also the Prince of Princes to take away the daily worship) & cast aswersanswers the double state of the daily worship wchwhich was to be taken away, first the Iewish & then the Christian & the double state of the aArms wchwhich in the prophesy of the scripture of truth stand up after Antiochus Ephiphanes. First those arms stand up & pollute the Iewish sanctuary of strength & take away their daily worship & place the abomination wchwhich maketh their land desolate, & causeth those that understand amonstamongst the people & instruct many (that is the Christians) to fall by the sword & by flame & by captivity & by spoile many days. & even to yethe time of the end & And when they shaoulld fall they shall were to be holpen with a little help, but I with & by through properityprosperity to grow numerous through flatterers cleaving to them, but they shall were to fall again even to the time of the end. For the king who shaoulld then reign, shall was to do according to his will & shall to exalt & magnify himself above every God & speak marvellous things against the God of Gods, & wthwhich a strange God whom his fathers kewknew not to wo he was to worship Mahuzzims. And this is his the second rise of the let is his second exaltation & answers to the growth rise second exaltation of the little last horn up to the host of heaven of the Goat his rise exaltation up to the Prince of the host & therefor taking that he might be able to take away the daily sacrifice worship. Whence And therefore the transgression of desolation wchwhich suc now succeeded this daily worship is the worship of the Mahuzzims: [the whole time from his rising up to the host of the vision of the little horn from his beginning to act being 2300 prophetick days whereby & by reason of that worship the people of the Prince are made wasted persecuted & made desolate Its This transgression is called the abomination of desola to signify that it is idolatry & the aAbomination of desolation to signify that the idolaters are great persecutors & lay make desolate the people of God. And as this horn is said to stand up against the Prince of Princes & to magnify himself himself to the host & to the Prince And from this transgression of the horn & his magnifying himself & standing up against the Prince of Princes the Apostle Paul calls this horn the man of sin or the man or transgression who For as the horn stood up against the Prince of Princes to the man & magnified & exalted himself aga to yethe host & to the Prince of the host & as & magnifies himself above every God so the man of sin opposeth & exalteth himself above every thing that is called God or that is worshipped. And from this opposition & standing up against the Prince of Princes Iohn calls him Antichrist. The AppostleApostle wrote these things to them of the Greek Churches & therefore the man of sin & the Antichrist was to reign in those churches, & there to place their abomination & make desolate the people of God. And 8v And this was to be done in the latter times. the And the king wchwhich doth according to his will set up the worship of Mahuzzims in the times next preceeding the time wchwhich Daniel calls the time of the end & continued to reign in this time of the end because the king of the south then pusht at him. fo The Iews regarded principally their worshipping in the Temple by sacrifices ,& therefore took yethe daily to signify the daily sacrifice especially since And this interpetationinterpretation was favoured by calling the place of this worship the sanctuary. But while it said that of the little horn of the He Goat that he magnified himself against the Prince of the host & by him the daily was taken away & the place of his sanctuary was taken ou cast down, this sanctuary must be the sanctuary of the Prince of the host that is the sanctuary of Iesus Christ, & by consequence includes the synagogues of the Christians taken collectively as the Church is taken collectively for all the Churches. And while this horn by means of an host wchwhich was given him overcame the host of heaven & cast down not only the sanctuary but also the truth to the grownd & practiced & prospered: its acting against the sanctuary & even to the time of the end & last end of the desolation: & taking away the daily [worship] must be of the same extent wthwhich the host or people of God of heaven & the truth, that is wthwhich the Church of God & the truth of his religion & by consequence extend to the synagogues of the host where this truth was preached, And since the sanctuary was little horn was to torment in & w & to be of long duration. It was It was to be in the time of the end, & to last till the end of the indignation. In the latter time of the kingdom of the four horns, this ho when the transgressors were come to the full this horn was to stand up & grow mighty but not in his own power, & the vision concerning the time of the transgression & the daily & the transgression (from yethe time that the transgressors were come to the full.) was to last 2300 prophetick days (wchwhich are not yet expired) & then the sanctuary is was to be cleansed: & therefore unless you will say that the Temple of the synagogu Ierusalem alone is only to be cleansed for restoring the sacrifices, you must allow that the sanctuary of the synagogues & the daily worship therein is comprehended in the words of this prophesy. And now having explained what is the daily [worship,] wchwhich was to be taken away & what is the sanctuary wherein it was performed, it will be more easy to understand what is the transgression of desolation wchwhich succeeded this was to be set up in this sanctuary in the room of that worship. The following passage is written upside down and runs backward from f. 8v to f. 7v. Chap. VI Of the Empire of the Latines. The Romans were at first a small kingdom of Italy & began to make a figure in the world about the time that in conjunction wthwhich the king of Pergamus they took from Antiochus magnus all Asia on this side the mountain Taurus, & to grow great from the time that they conquered Macedon. For after the conquest of Greece they conquered Carthage & gradually extended their dominion over Asia, Spain, Syria, Gallia, & Egypt & Dacia & reigned over those countries untill the revolt of Dacia & the division of the rest of the Empire between Rome & Constantinople: the particular history of all which is every where to be met with. Dacia revolted in or a little before the reign of Decius & created great vexation to the Empire. but the Church of Dacia continued united to the Church of the Roman Empire. For Theophilus Bishop or Patriarch of Dacia was at the Council of Nice A.C. 325 & his successor Vlphilas was at yethe Council of Constantinople A.C. 360. Constantine the great built Constantinople A.C. 330 & made it the Metropolis of the eastern provinces of the Empire & Rome of the western, both cities being governed after the same manner by a Senate & Consuls. He left the Empire divided between his sons A.C. 337, & his son Constantius reunited it A.C. 353 & Valentinian divided it between himself & his brother Valens A.C. 364. And after the death of Valens it was reunited under Gratian the son of Valentinian five months A.C. 378, but after five months Gratian made Theodosius Emperor of the east in yethe room of Gratian Valens 16 Ian. A.C 379, & Theodosius left the Empire divided between his sons Arcadius & Honorius A.D. 395, after wchwhich it was no more united. The two Empires into wchwhich the Roman Empire became now divided were distinguished by the names of the Greek & eastern & Western or Greek & Latin Empires. And the Greek Empire continued intire about 240 years & then lost Syria & Egypt to the Saracens but yet stood above 800 years longer before the Turks overthrew it. The Latin Empire stood intire about 12 or 13 years & then at once brake into ten kingdoms the rise of wchwhich was as follows not being distinctly described by any historian, I shall here set down. But first it will be convenient to give you some account of the nations of Dacia, by whom the western empire became divided. The Visigoths in the reign of the Emperor Valens invaded the eastern part of the Empire, were beaten by Theodosius In the reign of the Emperor Valens, the Hunns under the conduct of Balamir rising from their seats beyond Tanais, passed that river & the Niper & invading Dacia & the neighbouring regions, subdued some of the inhabitants & made others fly. The Visigoths flying from them passed the Danube, invaded the eastern part of the Empire, beat & slew Valens, were beaten by Theodosius and upon submission had seats granted them in Thrace as subjects of the empire, A.C. 380. After the death of Theodosius they rebelled, made Alaric their captain & troubled the eastern empire about five years together & then advancing towards the western Empire they were so beaten by Stilico the commander of the forces of that Empire that Claudian calls the remainder of their forces tanta ex gente reliquias breves & Prudentius gentem deletam. Thereupon Alaric submitted being so far humbled that Orosius tells us he did pro pace optima et quibus cumque sedibus suppliciter & simpliciter orare. Then Stilico designing by their means to gain the empire, favoured them underhand, & after some time procured a military Prefecture for Alaric & sent him into the east in the service of Honorius the western Emperor, committing some Roman troops to his conduct amongst his to strengthen his army of Goths & promissing to follow soon after with his own army. His pretence was to recover some regions of Illyricum 9r Chap. Of the daily worship & abomination of desolation. The Christian daily worship is represented in yethe Apocalyps by the Iewish. Here God is represented as it were sitting on a throne above yethe Ark between the Cherubins in the most Holy place. He has th a book of prophesy in his hand to signify that all foreknowledge of future things is originally lodged in his breast. The assembly of Presbyters are reprsentedrepresented by yethe 24 Elders, the the Holy spirit & the teachers or Bishops by yethe seven lamps & the people by the four animals full of eyes in the outward court. The C animals worship God morning & evening saying day & night or morning & evening saying Holy holy holy Lord God Almighty who art was & is & is to come. And when they give him glory & honour & thanks the Elders fall down & worship him & give him glory & honour & thanks for creating all things This is the worship due from all the Church to God the father. alone. We are to worship These Rhim & him alone for creating as God Almighty & as the almighty & ever living God who created all things & gives us our daily bread. This the foundation of all religion Vpon a proclamation made none was found worthy to receive & open the book till yethe Lamb appeared There was in the right hand of him that sat upon yethe throne a book of prophesy & none was found worthy to open it or look upon it till the Lamb appeared ,& who obteined this worthiness by his death. And took yethe book. All foreknowledge is originally in the breast of God Almighty & he communicates it immediately to yethe Lamb alone who sends it by his spirit to yethe Prophets: whence the Lamb is called yethe word of God & the testimony of Iesus is called the spirit of Prophesy & the Apocalyps is called yethe Revelation of Iesus Christ wchwhich God gave unto him & he sent his messenger & signified it to his servant Iohn.Iohn. 16.7, 13, 14 For the spirit of truth speaks not of himself but what he hears that he speaks, He receives from Christ & shews it to the Prophets being sent unto them by Christ. And when the Lamb had taken the book the F four animals & 24 Elders fell down & worshipped before him with harps & vials of incence & sung a new song saying Thou art worthy to take the book & open yethe seals thereof: for thou wast slain & hast redeemed us to God by thy blood. This is a worship not due not to the ever living God but to the Lamb alone & is therefore given to him without any breach of the first or second commandment Folios 9v-10v are blank but for page numbers. 11r Chap. Sect. III. Of the daily worship wchwhich was taken away & the abomination of desolation placed set up wchwhich was set up in its room set up. In the reign of Constantine the great & part Constantius there were great disputes between several parties of the Church but without a separation. Some parties endeavoured to impose articles of faith in new forms of words: the seven Churches laboured against all new forms according to the Apostles rule; Hold fast the form of sound words (2 Tim. 1.13) the form of doctrine wchwhich was delivered to you (Rom. 6.17) wholesom words, the words of our Lord Iesus Christ (1 Tim. 6.3) the words of faith (1 Tim 4.6) These disputes about words were vehement but occasioned no separation till after the reign of Iulian. The visible Church catholick continued entire & undivided from the days of the Apostles till the reign of Valentinian & Valens & then came on the hour of temptation from upon all yethe world. from wchwhich God promised to keep the Church of Philadelphia. Some few separated even in the days of the Apostles as Iohn represents. And aAs ye have heard, saith he, that Antichrist shall come, even now there are many Antichrists; whereby we know that it is the last time. They went out from us but they were not offof us: for if they had been of us they would no doubt have continued with us: but they went out that they might be made manifest that they were not of us all of us (1 Iohn. 2.19) And Iude: These be they who separate themselves (Iude 19) But these separatists were small bodies of men in comparison of the Church catholick from wchwhich they separated. But These were small separations & continued to be made from time to time without endangering the Church catholick untill the Bishop of Rome with his adherents separated from her & gr And this great which separation being very great & fatal is represented in this prophesy by yethe hour of temptation wchwhich Woman's flying into the wilderness & leaving behind her a remnant of her seed wchwhich keep the commandments of God & have the testimony of Iesus & by the rising of the two horned Beast out of the earth & by after wchwhich the DragonsDragon making made war upon the remnant of the womans seed till all separated & worshipped the Beast & his Image & received his mark except the 144000. And by all these separations Christ spewed the Church of Laodicea out of his mouth. This was the daily worship of the first temple whose candlesticks were the seven Churches of Asia taken away; & the abomination of [worshipping dead men with a God compounded of three substances set up in the room of it in all the Roman Empire. And this was done at the opening in the reign of Valen The woman separated in yethe reign of Valentinian & the Dragon made war upon the remnant of her seed in the reign of V at the opening of the seventh seal. For then it was that yethe 144000 were sealed out of all Israel. Then was there silence in heaven for half an hour on the day of the great fast while the high Priest offered incense with the prayers of the saints afflicted saints in the time of their sealing. Then was the Temple & altar & they that worship therein measured to signify a separation of the m between those worshippers the multitude, & thereby a demolishing of the first Temple whose seven Candlesticks were the seven churches of Asia & a building of a second Temple whose outward court was given to the Gentiles.] worshipping the Beast & his Image & receiving his mark set up in the room of it wthwhich in the outward court of the Temple where the people of God worshipped before. And this abomination turned the western Empire into a desolate wilderness & laid wast the church in yethe eastern Empire so that out of all the twelve tribes of Israel there were only 144000 sealed call caused all in the eastern Empire to be killed or banishbanished humane society who would not worship the Image of the Beast or receive his mark & therefore was such an Abomination of desolation. And being placed in the great Temple of all the Roman Empire it was much more notable & of far greater consequence then eith any abominaabomination that ever was placed in the Temple of the Iews at Ierusalem, & so answers best to the prophesies of Daniel & so answers much better to the abomination of desolation spoken of by Daniel & Christ. For it is not likely that they would place the sp foretell So soon as that wchwhich letted was should be taken out of the way the man of sin was to be revealed there was to be a great Apostasy & the man of sin was to be revealed who opposeth & exalteth himself above all that is called God or that is worshipped so that he as God sitteth in the Temple of God shewing himself that he is God. & so soon as the heathen Empire. By that wchwhich letted the primitive Christians understood the heathen Roman Empire. And so soon after when the heathen Roman Empire, was t wchwhich preserved the Christian religion from corruption, was taken out of the way, the Beast quickly appeared & was deified & he & his image were worshipped as God in the outward court of all the great Temple of the Roman Empire God. This man of Sin was to reign till Christ should destroy him come with all power with