Seven Drafts of 'Sect V Of the kingdoms represented in Daniel by the Ram & He-Goat & of the last horn of the Goat' (section 7.1i) Isaac Newton c. 9,883 words The Newton Project Falmer 2013 Newton Project, University of Sussex

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 Post-1700, mainly in English, c. 9,901 words, 12 ff. 12 ff.

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 Five Drafts of 'Chap. VIII A further explication of the four Empires' (section 7.1j) [Yahuda Ms. 7.1j]Yahuda Ms. 7Four Fragmentary Drafts of 'Chap. VI Of the Empire of the Latins' (section 7.1h) [Yahuda Ms. 7.1h] Yahuda Ms. 7.1i, National Library of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel IsraelJerusalemNational Library of Israel Yahuda MSS Yahuda Ms. 7.1i SL245 + ?

SL245, described in the Sotheby catalogue as c. 300,000 words on 975 pp., was bought at the Sotheby sale by Gabriel Wells for £48 and sold to Yahuda on 1 Aug. 1936 for the sale price plus 15%. On 24 May 1949, Yahuda wrote to the London dealer Heinrich Eisemann, 'As to lot 245 the new arrangement and replacement of the pages resulted in 1,530 pages instead of 975 pages as many pages had to be taken out from other lots. But for this manuscript I have a customer who wants to pay a much higher price than $3,800 suggested by you.' If this was true, the prospective buyer's desire to part with his or her cash presumably waned. There must subsequently have been further reordering of the manuscript as the present Yahuda Ms. 7 amounts to nowhere near 1,530 pp.

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 England Post-1700 English Latin Greek Holograph ReligionProphecy Tagged transcription begun by Zoe Asher Folios 1-5 checked by John Young Transcription completed by Zoe Asher Checking completed by John Young Code audited by Michael Hawkins
Ms. 7.1i1r Sect V Of the kingdoms represented in Daniel by the Ram & He-Goat. & of the last horn of the Goat.

The second & third Empires represented by the Bear & Leopard, are again represented by the Ram & He-Goat: but with this difference, that the Ram represents the kingdoms of the Medes & Persians from the beginning of the four Empires, & the Goat represents the kingdom of the Greeks to the end of them. And by this means under the type of the Ram & He-Goat the times of all the four Empires are again described. I lifted up mine eyes, saith Daniel, and saw, & behold there stood before the river [Vlai] a Ram wchwhich had two horns, & the two horns were high, but one was higher then the other, & the higher came up last. – And the Ram having two horns are the kings of Media & Persia; not two persons but two kingdoms, the kingdoms of Media & Persia; & the kingdom of Persia was the higher horn & camp up last. And the horn wchwhich came up first was the higher kingdom of the Medes The kingdom of Persia rose up when Cyrus having newly conquered Babylon, revolted from Darius king of the Medes, & beat him at Pasargadæ & set up the Persians above the Medes. This was the horn wchwhich came up last. And the horn wchwhich came up first was the kingdom of the Medes from the time that Cyaxeres & Nebuchadnezzar overthrew Nineveh & shared the Empire of Assyria between them. The Empires of Media & Babylon were contemporary & rose up together by the fall of the Assyrian Empire, & the Prophesy of the four Beasts begins with one of them & that of the Ram & Goat with the other.

And as the Ram represents the kingdom of Media & Persia from the beginning of the four Empires, so the He-Goat represents the Empire of the Greeks to the end of those Monarchies. In the reign of his great horn & of his four horns wchwhich succeeded it, he represents thitis Empire during the reign of Le the Leopard: & in the reign of the little horn wchwhich camestood up in the latter time of the kingdom of the four & at their fall became mighty but not by his own power, he representesd it in during the reign of the fourth Beast.

The rough Goat, saith Daniel, is the king of Greece, that is, the kingdom, & the great horn between his eyes is the first king; not the first Monarch but the first kingdom, that which lasted during the reign of Alexander the great & his two2r two young sons, Alexander & Hercules. Now that horn being broken off; whereas four [horns] stood up for it, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation [of the Greeks] but not in his [the first horns] power. The four horns are therefore four kingdoms, & by consequence the first great horn wchwhich they succeeded is the first great kingdom of the Greeks, that wchwhich was founded by Alexander the great An. Nabonass 441. And the four are those of Cassander, Lysimachus, Antigonus & Ptolomy, as above.

And out of one of the four came forth a little horn [a little new kingdom of the Greeks] wchwhich waxed exceeding great towards the south & towards the east & towards the pleasant land of Iudea. And therefore it arose in the northwest, & conquered eastward & southward. And such was the kingdom of Pergamus. It arose out of the kingdom of Thrace & Phrygia by the revolt of Philetærus who kept the Castel of Pergamus twenty years, & then left it to his brothers sons Eumenes and Attalus, the last of wchwhich An. Nabonass. 507 took from Callinicus king of Syria almost all Asia on this side mount Taurus, & thereupon was saluted king by his Army. And his power shall be mighty but not by his own power. His power shall be mighty by a bigger power then his own, a forreign power, a power wchwhich shall reign over him, the power wchwhich shall take away the dominion of the third Beast & reign over him, the power of the Romans. They inherited the kingdom of Pergamus by the last Will & Testament of its king Attalus the second, Ann. Nabonass. 615; & thenceforward the Senate of Rome was king of Pergamus by right of inheritance, & this kingdom by their power waxed exceeding great towards the south & toward the east & toward the pleasant land conquering all the nations southward, eastward, & southeastward wchwhich composed the body of the third Beast, & particularly Pontus Armenia, Syria, Egypt & Libya. It grew mighty towards the pleasant land, & it waxed great even to the host of heaven, & cast down some of the Host & of the starrs to the grownd & stamped upon them; conquering Iudea by the conduct of Pompey An. Nabonass. 685, & thenceforward trampling upon the Princes of the Iews. Yea he magnified himself even to the Prince of the Host, the Messiah, the King of the Iews whom he put to death An. Nabonass. 780. And by him the Sanctuary was cast down daily sacrifice was taken away & the place of his sanctuary was cast down: vizt in the warrs wchwhich the armies of the eastern nations under the power & conduct of the Romans made against Iudea when Nero & Vespatian were Emperours, An. Nabonass. 816, 817 & 818.

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Sect. IV. Of the Kingdoms represented in Daniel by the four Beasts, & by the Ram and He Goat.

Now according to this language the Lion, Beare, Leopard & terrible Beast with ten horns in Daniels Prophesy of the four Beasts wchwhich arose successively out of the great sea in four great winds, will signify four kingdoms wchwhich arose successively in four great wars. The Lion had eagle's wings to denote the Provinces of Babylon & Assyria of wchwhich the first of the four kingdoms, (the kingdom of Nebuchadnezzar & his son then in being,) from the time of the fall of the Assyrian Empire, was composed. For in a parallel vision of the statue of four metals Daniel told Nebuchadnezzar: Thou art this head of gold; & after thee shall arise another kingdom inferior to thee; & another third kingdom of brass wchwhich shall beare rule over all the earth: & the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron. The second Beast was therefore the kingdom wchwhich arose next after the Babylonian, & this was the kingdom of the Medes & Persians, Dan. 5.28. This Beast was like a Beare & raised it self up on one side, the Medes rising up first. And it had three ribs between in the mouth of it between the teeth of it to signify the kingdoms of Sardes Babylon & Egypt wchwhich were conquered by it but did not belong to its proper body. And it devoured much flesh, the riches of those three kingdoms. The third Beast was the kingdom which succeeded the Persian & this was the kingd Mon Empire of the Greeks, Dan. 8.6, 7, 20, 21. It was like a Leopard to signify its fierceness, & whasd divided into four heads & four wings to signify that it should be divided into four kingdoms. For it continued in a monarchical form during the reign of Alexander the great & his young sons Alexander & Hercules, & then brake into four kingdoms by the governours of Provinces putting crowns upon their own heads & reigning over their Provinces. Cassander reigned over Macedon Greece & Epire, Lysimachus over Thrace, Antigonus over Syria & the lesser Asia, & Ptolomy over Egypt Libya & Ethiopia. And these are all the nations belonging to the body of the third Beast. These kingdoms underwent various changes, but none of them became equal in dominion to that of Alexander the great, & therefore the fourth Beast wchwhich was stron exceeding dreadful & terrible & had great iron teeth & devoured & brake in pieces & stamped the residue with its feet, could be none of them, but must be the Roman Empire which conquered & succeeded them. It conquered the kingdom of Macedon An. Nabonass 580, that o inherited that of Pergamus An. Nabonass 615, & conquered that of Syria An. Nabonass 679 & that of Egypt An. Nabonass. 718, & by theieses last last these conquestss was reduced into a Monarchical form, & by all of these conquests together became greater & more terrible then any of the three former Beasts. And that the fourth Beast relates to the Roman Empire is confirmed by the Apostle Iohn who names Daniels three first Beasts & puts the Apocalyptic ten-horned Beast in the fourth place, saying: And the Beast wchwhich I saw was like unto a Leopard & his feet were as the feet of a Bear, & his mouth as the mouth of a Lion. This Empire at length brake into ten kingdoms, & continued in a broken form till the ancient of days sat in a throne like fiery flame, & the judgment was set & the books were opened & the beast was slain & his body given to the burning flames & one like the son of man came with the clouds3v4r clouds of heaven & was brought before the ancient of days & received dominion over all nations & judgment was given to the saints of the most hHigh, & the time came that they possessed the kingdom. And in like manner the Beast in the ApoclypsApocalyps continues till the Word of God the King of Kings & Lord of Lords comes d in heaven wthwith an army upon white horses, & the Beast is taken & cast alive into the lake of fire, & judgement is given to the saints raised from the dead & they reign with Christ. The two Beasts (that in Daniel & that in Iohn) continue each of them to the day of judgement & then perish alike & therefore are the same & signify the Roman Empire still continuing in a divided state.

I beheld, saith Daniel, till the Beast was slain & his body destroyed & given to the burning flames. As concerning the rest of the Beasts, they had their dominion taken away: yet their lives were prolonged for a season & a time. And therefore all the four Beasts are still alive, tho the dominion of the three first be taken away. The nations of Chaldea & Assyria are still the first Beast. Those of Media & Persia are still the second Beast. Those of Egypt, Syria, & Asia minor, Macedon, Greece & Thrace are still the third s. A&nd those of Europe on this side of Greece are still the fourth. Seing therefore that the body of the third Beast is confined to the nations on this side the river Euphrates, & that the body of the fourth Beast is confined to the nations on this side Greece: we are to look for all the four Heads of the third beast among the nations on this side of the river Euphrates, & for all the eleven Horns of the fourth Beast among the nations on this side Greece. At the breaking of the Greek Empire into four kingdoms of the Greeks we reccon not the kingdom of Seleucus among the four because the Chaldeans Medes & Persians over whom he reigned belonged to the bodies of the two first Beasts. Nor do we reccon the Greek Empire seated at Constantinople among the bod horns of the fourth Beast, because it belonged to the body of the third.

The second & third Monarchies represented by the Beare & Leopard, are again reprensentedrepresented by the Ram & He-Goat. The Ram, saith Daniel, which thou sawest having two horns is the kings of Media & Persia: not two persons but two kingdoms, the kingdoms of Media & Persia being united under one Monarch. And the rough Goat is the King of Greece, that is, the kingdom. And the great horn between his eyes is the first king: not the first Monarch but the first kingdom, that which lasted during the reign of Alexander the great & his two young sons Alexander & Hercules. Now that [horn] being broken; whereas four [horns] stood up for it, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation [of the Greeks] but not in his [the first horn's] power. The four horns are therefore four kingdoms, & by consequence the first great horn wchwhich they succeed, is the first great kingdom of the Greeks, that wchwhich was founded by Alexander the great An. Nabonass 414, & lasted till the death of his son Hercules An. Nabonass 441. And the four are those of Cassander, Lysimachus, Antigonus, & Ptolomy as above. And out of one of the four came forth a little horn [a little new kingdom of the Greeks,] which waxed exceeding great toward towards the south & towards the east & towards the pleasant land of Iudea: & therefore it arose in the northwest & conquered eastward & southward.. And such was the kingdom of Pergamus. It arose out of the kingdom of Thrace & Phrygia, by the revolt of Philetærus who kept the Castel of

Sect V Of the kingdoms represented in Daniel by the Ram & He-Goat.

The second & third Empires represented by the Bear & Leopard are again represented by the Ram & He Goat: but with this difference, that the Ram represents the kingdom of the Medes & Persians from the beginning of the four Empires, & the Goat represents the kingdom of the Greeks to the end of them. And by this means under the type of the Ram & He-Goat the times of all the four Empires are again described. I lifted up mine eyes, saith Daniel, & saw &c The four Monarchies Empires represented by the Lyon, Beare, Leopard & ten-horned Beast are again represented by the Ram & He-Goat, the two first by the Ram, & the two last by the He-Goat. I lifted up mine eyes saith Daniel & saw & behold there stood there stood before the river [Vlai] a Ram wchwhich had two horns & the two horns were high, but one was higher then the other & the higher came up last – And the Ram having two horns are the kings of Media & Persia, that is the not two persons but two kingdoms the kingdoms of Media & Persia, & the kingdom of Persia was the higher horn & came up last. The kingdom of Persia began when Cyrus having newly conquered Babylon revolted from Darius king of the Medes & beat him at Pasargadæ, & set the Persians above the Medes. And This was the horn wchwhich came up last. And the horn wchwhich came up first was the kingdom of the Medes from the time that Cyaxeres & Nebuchadnezzar overthrew Nineveh & shared the Empire of Assyria between them. The kingdoms Empires of Babylon & Media were contemporary. & the Prophesy of the four Beasts begins wthwith one of them & that of the Ram & Goat wthwith the other.

And as the Ram represents the kingdom of Media & Persia from the beginning of the four Empires so the He-Goat represents the kingdom Empire of the Greeks to the end of those Monarchies. The rough Goat, saith Daniel, is the kingdom king of Greece, that is, the kingdome & the great horn between his eyes is the first king, not the first Monarch but the first kingdom, that wchwhich lasted

5r
Chap. III On the prophesy of the Ram & He Goat.

The four monarchies predicted by the vision of the image composed of four metalls, & again by that of the four beasts, are again prædicted by that of the Ram & he Goat, the two first being represented by the Ram, & the two last by the Goat. For the Ram had two horns both which were high, & the higher horn came up last: & this Ram having two horns is said to be the kingdsoms of Media & Persia, that is, the kingdoms. The higher horn wchwhich came up last is the kingdom of Persia, & the lower horn wchwhich came up first is the preceding kingdom of the Medes dated wchwhich & this arose at at the fall of the kingdom of Babylon, & the lower horn wchwhich came up first is the preceding kingdomsome of the Medes wchwhich & this arose at the fall of the kingdome of Assyria, & For is considered from the time of the date of this prophesy. By by the fall of the Empire of the Assyrians, & the division thereof between the Medes & Babylonians, the two empires of the Medes & Babylonians rose up at once under Cyaxeres & Nebuchadnezzar so as to begin to be considered in these prophesies; & they are represented by the two horns wings of the Lion, the first of the four Beasts Dan. VII.4. And these continued standing together till that of the Medes by the conduct of Cyrus a Medo-Persian subdued that of the Babylonians, & was presently divided & then the kingdom of the Medes began to fall by the revolt of Cyrus fr and the Persians & who subdued by them Persians it. The Babylonians were conquered by the Medes Anno Nabonass. 209, & the Medes by the Persians within two years after,. & the Assyrians by the Medes & Babylonians about seventy & two years before. And the revolt of the Persians from the Medes began presently after the fall of Babylon, suppose I think in the end year of Nabonassar 210 of the same year, so as to leave no time worth considering for the reign of the Medes after the fall of Babylon. ☉ ☉ And therefore I date the reign of the first horn of the Ram from the third year of Belshazzar king of Babylon, the year in wchwhich this prophesy was given the first of the four Beasts still reigning.. I place the revolt of the Persians from the Medes in the end of the year in wchwhich Babylon was conquered by the Medes because Daniel continued only till the first year of Cyrus Dan. I.21, & yet received the prophesy of the scripture of truth in the third year of Cyrus Dan. X.1; the reign of Cyrus being redated in the first case from his conquest of the Medes, & in the second case from his revolting from the Medes & beginning to reign over the Persians. And therefore I date the reign of the first horn of the Ram from the fall of Nineveh, or rather from the third year of Beltshazzar in wchwhich this prophesy was given.

The he Goat had first a notable horn between his eyes, & smote the Ram & brake his two horns, & waxed very great: & when he was strong the great horn was broken off & for it came up four notable ones towards the four winds of heaven. And these horns represent the same kingdoms with the four wings of Daniels third Beast And this Goat is called the king of Iavan, that is the king of the people descended from Iavan the son of Iaphet, & by consequence from Elisha, Tarshish, Kittim, & Dodanim the sons of Iavan, by whom the isles of the gentiles were divided. Gen. X.5. or from some of them. The king of Iavan is usually interpreted to signify the king of Greece, & in this sense the king Goat in the reign of his first horn is usually taken for the monarch of the Greeks during the reign of Alexander the great who conquered the Persians & Medes & the reign of & his brother Aridæus & two sons. After their reign the governours of provinces put crowns on their own heads, & thereby the monarchy put crowns on their own heads & divided the monarchy into smaller kingdoms, the four chief of wchwhich were the kingdoms of Macedon, Egypt, Syria, & Thrace. And these are represented by the four horns. // And in the latter time of their kingdom when the transgressors were come to the full, that is, in the reign of Antiochus Epiphanes when the transgressors against the holy covenant were arrived at the height, & the four horns were ready to begin to fall; out of after one of them came forth a little horn wchwhich waxed exceeding great. towards the For then the kingdom of Macedon, the principal kingdom of the four, was conquered by the Romans, & out after ist by that conquest came forth a new kingdom wchwhich wax> fo waxed exceeding great & may fitly be represented by a new horn of the Goat. For the Romans were descended from the Greeks & thence Italy was called magna Græcia, & their ships wchwhich at that time immediately after their conquest of Macedon they sent against Antiochus Epiphanes in Egypt, are called the ships of Kittim, Dan. 11.30, & Kittim was the son of Iavan: & therefore the Romans may be included in the body of the Goat, & be properly represented by his last horn. And thus the Goat will represent the two last of the four great Empires // This horn was at first but a little one comparitively to what it became afterward. It waxed exceeding great towards the south & towards the east & towards the pleasant land, the land of Iudea, by conquering Afric, Asia minor, Armenia, Syria, Iudea & Egypt. It waxed great even to the host of heaven, (the people of the Iews,) & it cast down some of the host & of the starrs to the grownd & it stamped upon them. Yea he magnified himself even to the Prince of the host, the Prince of princes6r princes of princes Iesus Christ, & by him the daily sacrifice was taken away & the place of his sanctuary (the temple) was cast down, vizt in the war wchwhich he made upon the Iews in the reign of Nero & Vespatian. And the vision concerning the daily sacrifice & the transgression of desolation to give both the sanctuary & the host to be troden under foot was to con And in the reign of the emperor Hadrian he built a temple to Iupiter Olympius on mount Sion where the temple of the Iews had stood, & thereby provoked the Iews to rebell under Barchochab & made war against the Iews with very great slaughter, & banished them from Iudea upon pain of death & to deterr them further from returning placed also the statue of a hog on one of the gates of the city. And the vision concerning the daily sacrifice taken away, & the transgression of desolation set up to give both the sanctuary & the host to be troden under foot, was to continue unto two thousand & three hundred days (prophetic) days; & then the sanctuary was to be cleansed. And this was to be at the time of the end & at the last end of the indignation, that is, at the last end of Gods indignation against the Iews, or at the last end of the long captivity & dispersion of the Iews predicted by Moses & the prophets; which is not yet at an end. Thus the little horn grew mighty, but not by his own power; not by the power of the posterity of Iavan Kittim, but by that of Macedon but by that of Kittim & of of the nations of Afric, Armenia, Syria, France, Spain, Helvetia, Dacia & Germany conquered by the Romans, & of those wchwhich composed the ten horns of the fourth beast Kittim.

Babylon was conquered by the Medes An. Nabonass. 119 – – – – – – after the fall of Babylon.

Some take this little horn to be Antiochus Epiphanes, but very injudiciously. For Daniel by horns understands not single kings but kingdoms. The ten horns of the fourth beast were ten kingdoms, & the four horns of the Goat were four kingdoms & are called kingdoms by Daniel himself, Dan. VIII.23: And therefore the first horn in the room of wchwhich they four came up was also a kingdom. Each of the four horns had many horns kings, & Antiochus was king of one of them: & the little horn was not one of the four but another horn kingdom wichwhich came out of up after one of the four. It was at first a little one, & grew mighty towards the south & towards the east, & up to the host of heaven. But Antiochus did not so. He made no conquests. The little horn magnified himself even to the prince of the host of heaven & cast down his sanctuary to the ground; & so did not Antiochus. He did not cast down the temple to the grownd, nor stand up against the Prince of princes. The little horn acted till the last end of the indignation, & this indignation is not yet at an end. The sanctuary continued cast down 2300 days before it was cleansed, & days in sacred prophesy are put for years, Ezek. IV.5, 6.

If the prophesy of Balaam, so far as it is recited by Moses in favour of Israel, may be regarded, he also calls the power of this last horn of the Goat by the name of Kittim. And ships, saith he, shall come from the coast of Kittim, & shall afflict Assur [i.e. Syria] & shall afflict Eber. This the He-goat did in the reign of his last horn when it grew mighty towards the east & towards the pleasant land & took away the daily sacrifice & threw down the temple & built a temple to Iupiter Olympius in its place, & after a most bloody war banished the Iews out of their own land upon pain of death, & dispersed them into all nations where they have already continued ever since 1590 years. The setting up the worship of Iupiter Olympius & other heathen Gods in Iudea provoked the Iews to rebe the rebellion for wchwhich they were banished from Iudea & thence this worship is called the abomination of desolation.

7r
Chap. Of the prophesy of the Ram, and He Goate.

The four monarchies predicted by the vision of the image composed of four metalls, & again by the four beasts, are again predicted by that of the Ram & he Goat; the two first being represented by the Ram, & the two last by the Goat. For the ram had two horns both wchwhich were high, & the higher horn came up last, & this Ram having two horns is said to be the kings of Media & Persia, that is, the kingdoms. The higher horn which came up last is the kingdom of Persia, & this arose at the fall of the kingdom of Babylon; & the lower horn which came up first is the preceding kingdome of the Medes, & this arose at the fall of the kingdom of Assyria, & is here considered from the time of the date of this prophesy wchwhich was in the third year of the reign of Beltshazzar. By the fall of the empire of the Assyrians & the division thereof between the Medes & Babylonians the two empires of the Medes & Babylonians arose together under Cyaxeres & Nebuchadnezzar, & they are represented by the two wings of the Lyon, Dan. VII.4. And these continued standing together till that of the Medes by the conduct of Cyrus a Medop-Persian subdued that of the Babylonians, & then began it self to fall by the revolt of Cyrus & the Persians. For upon the conquest of Babylon by the Medes Cyrus & the Persians revolted from the Persians Medes, I think before the end of the year, & beat them in battel the next year, & the kKing of the Medes raised a new army & was again beaten the year following & lost his kingdom to Cyrus who by that victory set the Persians above the Medes. Now in the history of the life of Daniel (Dan. I.21) its said that he continued even untill the first year of Cyrus, that is, untill the first year of his reign over Media: & afterwards (Dan. X.1) its said that he received the prophesy of the scripture of truth in the third year of Cyrus, that is, in the third year of his reign over Persia. And therefore the Persians revolted two years before he conquered the Medes. He conquered Babylon Ann. Nabonass. 209 & died An. Nabonass. 218 according to the canon of Ptolomy, & reigned seven years after his conquest of the Medes according to Xenophon, & therefore conquered them An. Nabonass. 211. The horn therefore wchwhich rose up first represents the kingdom of the Medes before the year of Nabonassar 209 in wchwhich Cyrus began to reign over the Persians, & by consequence in the time of Persia the first of Daniels fourth Beasts from the time of the fall of Nineve the Assyrian Empire, or at the least from the time of third year of Beltshazzar, the year in wchwhich this prophesy was given; & the second horn represents the kingdom of the Persians wchwhich began to rise up Anno Nabonass. 209 & soon within two years after after overcame the kingdom of the Medes.

The He-Goat had a notable horn between his eyes, & smote the Ram & brake his two horns, & waxed very great: & when he was strong the great horn was broken off, & for it came up four notable ones towards the four winds of heaven. And these horns represent the same kingdoms with the four wings of Daniels third Beast. This Goat is called the king of Iavan, that is the king of the people descended from Iavan the son of Iaphet, & is usually interpreted to signify the king of Greece, that is, the kingdom, & in the reign of his first horn to signify the kingdom of Alexander the great & his brother Aridæus & two sons. After their reign the governours of Provinces put crowns on their own heads, & thereby divided the monarchy into smaller kingdoms the four chief of which were the kingdoms of Macedon Egypt Syria & Thrace. And these are represented by the four horns. And in the latter time of their kingdom when the transgressors are come to the full, that is, in the reign of Antiochus Epiphanes when the transgressors against the holy covenant are arrived at the height; not before, but in his reign, after one of them [after the kingdom of Macedon] came forth a little horn wchwhich waxed exceeding great. For in the eighth year of Antiochus, when they had spoiled the Temple, prohibited the daily worship, burnt the sacred books, & set up the religion of the heathens, the kingdom of Macedon, the principal horn of the four, was conquered by the Romans, & the ships wchwhich the Romans immediately after this conquest sent with an embassy against Antiochus Epiphanes then in Egypt, are called the ships of Kittim, Dan. XI.30: which is all one8r is all one as to tell us that the Romans immediately are descended from Kittim the son of Iavan & so belong to the body of the Goat. And if we may regard the prophesy of Balaam so far as it is recited by Moses in favour of Israel, the Romans are there also called Kittim. And ships, saith he, shall come from Kittim, & shall afflict Assur & shall afflict Eber. Assur is here put for Syria & Eber for Iudea. Italy was so far peopled from Greece as to be called magna Græcia, & it might be peopled originally from Kittim, tho we want the history thereof. But its sufficient to make the Romans a horn of the Goat that they are called Kittim in the prophesies of Daniel.

This horn was at first but a little one comparatively to what it became afterwards. It waxed exceeding great towards the south by conquering Afric Libya & Egypt, & towards the east by conquering Asia minor Armenia & Syria, & towards the pleansant land by conquering Iudea. It waxed great even to the host of heaven (the people of the Iews,) & it cast down some of the host & of the starrs to the grownd & it stamped upon them. Yea he magnified himself even to the Prince of the host, the Prince of Princes (Iesus Christ whom he put to death) & by him the daily sacrifice was taken away, & &the place of his sanctuary (the Temple) was cast down, vizt in the war which he made upon the Iews in the reign of Nero & Vespasian. And the host was given over to him by the transgression against the daily sacrifice, & it cast down the truth to the grownd, & it practised & prospered. For in the reign of the Emperour Hadrian the Romans built a temple to Iupiter Olympius on mount Sion where the temple of the Iews had stood, & provoked them to rebell, & made war against them with very great slaughter, & banished them from Iudea upon pain of death, & placed the carved statue of a hog on one of the gates of the city. Then, saith Daniel, I heard one saint speaking, & another saint said unto that certain saint that spake, How long shall be the vision concerning the daily sacrifice & the transgression that maketh desolate, to give both the sanctuary & the host to be troden under foot? And he said unto me, Vnto two thousand & three hundred (prophetic) days. Then shall the sanctuary be cleansed. – For at the time of the end shall be the vision – – even at the last end of the indignation: that is, at the last end of Gods indignation against the Iews, or at the last end of the long captivity & dispersion of the Iews predicted by Moses & the prophets, which is not yet at endan end. Thus the power of this last horn of the Goat became mighty but not by his own power; not by the power of Kittim or Iavan, but by that of the nations of Afric, Armenia, Syria, France, Spain, Helvetia, Dacia & Germany conquered by Kittim.

Some take this little horn to be Antiochus Epiphanes: as if Antiochus was a little horn growing out of another horn, & the Goat had five horns standing up at once. But Daniel by the horns of a beast undestandsunderstands not single kings but kingdoms. The ten horns of the fourth beast were ten kingdoms, & the four horns of the Goat were four kingdoms, & are called kingdoms by Daniel himself Dan. VIII.23. And the first horn, the great horn in the room of which the four came up, was of the same kind with the four. The horn after which the little horn came up was one of the four: & Antiochus & his kingdom were not two horns. Each of the four horns had many kings, & Antiochus was only king of one of themse many kings.. It was at first a little one & grew mighty towards the south & towards the east & up to the host of heaven. But Antiochus did not so. He made no conquests. The little horn magnified himself even to the host prince of the host of heaven, & cast down his sanctuary to the grownd: & so did not Antiochus. He did not cast down the temple to the grownd, nor stand up against the prince of princes. The little horn acted till the last end of the indignation, & this indignation is not yet at an end. The sanctuary continued cast down 2300 days before it was cleansed, & days in sacred prophesy are put for years. Ezek. IV.5, 6.

9r Chap. III. On the prophesy of the Ram & He Goat.

The four Empires predicted by the vision of the image composed of four metalls, & again by that of the four beasts, are again predicted by that of the Ram & He-goat, the two first being represented by the Ram, & the two last by the Goat. For the Ram had two horns both which were high, & the higher horn came up last. And this Ram having two horns is said to be the kings of Media & Persia, that is, the kingdoms. The higher horn wchwhich came up last is the kingdom of Persia, & this arose at the fall of the kingdom of Babylon. And the lower horn which came up first is the preceding kingdom of the Medes, & this arose at the fall of the kingdom of Assyria, & is considered here from the time of the date of this prophesy. By the fall of the Empire of the Assyrians, & the division thereof between the Medes & Babylonians, the two Empires of the Medes & Babylonians rose up at once under Cyaxeres & Nebuchadnezzar, so as to begin to be considered in these prophesies: & they are represented by the two wings of the Lion, the first of the four beasts, Dan. VII.4. And these continue standing together till that of the Medes, by the conduct of Cyrus a Medo-Persian, subdued that of the Babylonians. And then the kingdom of the Medes began to fall by the revolt of the Persians who subdued it. Babylon was conquered by the Medes Anno Nabonass. 209, & the Medes by the Persians within two years after, aAnno Nabonass 211. But the Persians began to revolt from the Medes presently after the fall of Babylon, I think in the end of the same year, so as to leave no room worth considering for the reign of the empire of the Medes after the fall of Babylon. The Medes were beaten by the Persians in two battels, & in the first battel by the fraud of Harpagus lost their army. Darius got up a new army but was beaten again by the Persians & taken prisoner & lost all the remainder of his kingdom to Cyrus. This second battel was at Pasargadæ Anno Nabonass. 211, & therefore the first battel was in the year of Nabonassar 210, & the revolt of Cyrus & the Persians was in the end of the year before. In the leife of Daniel its said that Daniel continued abo only till the first yeare of Cyrus, Dan. I.21; & in his prophesies that he received the prophesy of the scripture of truth in the third year of Cyrus, Dan. X.1: the reign of Cyrus being dated in the first case from his conquest of the Medes, & in the second case from his revolting from the Medes & beginning to reign over the Persians. So then the Ram reigned in his first horn all the time of the first Empire; & then the second horn began to rise up & rose up above the first, & continued the higher horn all the time of the second Empire. And therefore the Ram comprehends the times of the two first of the four empires.

The he Goat had a notable horn between his eyes & smote the Ram & brake his two horns, & waxed very great. And when he was strong the great horn was broken off, & for it came up four notable ones towards the four winds of heaven. And these horns represent the same kingdoms with the four wings of Daniels third Beast. And this Goat is called the king of Iavan, that is, the king of the people descended from Iavan the son of Iaphet, & by consequence from Elisha, Tarshish, Kittim & Dodanim the sons of Iavan, by whom the isles of the Gentiles were divided (Gen. X.5) or from some of them. The king of Iavan is usually interpreted to signify the king of Greece, & in this sense the Goat in the reign of his first horn is usually taken for the monarchy of the Greeks during the reign of Alexander the great who by conquering the Persians & Medes brake the two horns of the Ram, & further during the reign of his brother Aridæus & two sons. For so long the monarchy continued entire. But after their reign the governours of provinces put crowns on their own heads, & thereby divided the Monarchy into smaller kingdoms, the four chief of which were the kingdoms of Macedon, Egypt, Syria & Thrace. And these are represented by the four horns of the Goat.

And10r

And in the latter time of their kingdom when the transgressors were come to the full; that is, in the reign of Antiochus Epiphanes when the transgressors against the holy covenant were arrived at the height, & the four horns were begeinning to fall; after one of them came forth a little horn wchwhich waxed exceeding great. For then the kingdom of Macedon, the principal kingdom of the four, was conquered by the Romans; & after it by that conquest came forth a new kingdom which waxed exceeding great, & may fitly be represented by a new horn of the Goat. For the Romans were descended from the Greeks; & thence Italy was called Magna Græcia, & their ships which upon their conquest of Macedon they sent against Antiochus Epiphanes in Egypt are called the ships of Kittim Dan. XI.30, & Kittim was the son of Iavan: & therefore the Romans may be included in the body of the Goat, & be properly represented by his last horn. And thus the Goat will represent the two last of the four great empires.

If the prophesy of Balaam so far as it is recited by Moses in favour of Israel, may be regarded, he also calls the power of this last horn of the Goat by the name of Kittim. And ships, saith he, shall come from the coast of Kittim, & shall afflict Assur & shall afflict Eber. Assur & Eber are Syria & Iudea & the ships that afflicted them were those of the Romans.

The last horn of the Goat was at first but a little one comparatively to what it became afterwards. It waxed exceeding great towards the south & towards the pleasant land the la east [Syria] & towards the pleasandt land [Iudea,] by conquering Afric, Asia minor, Armenia, Syria, Iudea & Egypt. It waxed great even to the host of heaven (the people of the Iews) & it cast down some of the host & of the stars to the grownd, & it stamped upon them. Yea he magnified himself even to the Prince of the host, the Prince of princes, Iesus Christ, & by him the dalydaily sacrifice was taken away & the place of his sanctuary was cast down, vizt the temple in the war wchwhich he made upon the Iews in the reign of Nero & Vespatian. And in the reign of the Emperor Hadrian he built a temple to Iupiter Olympius on mount Sion where the temple of the Iews had stood, & thereby provoked the Iews to rebel under Barchochab, & made war against them with great slaughter, & banished them from Iudea upon pain of death, & to deter them further from returning placed also the statue of a hog on one of the gates of the city. And the vision concerning the daily sacrifice taken away, & the transgression of desolation set up, to give both the sanctuary & the host to be troden under foot, was to continue unto two thousand & three hundred (prophetic) days; & then the sanctuary was to be cleansed. And this was to be at the time of the end, & at the last end of the indignation, that is, at the last end of Gods indignation against the Iews, or at the last end of the long captivity & dispersion of the Iews predicted by Moses & the prophets, which is not yet at an end., & in respect of which the transgression set up in Iudea during the exile of the Iews is called the transgression of desolation & the abomination wchwhich maketh desolate. And this abomination was to bet set up after the death of Christ, Matth XXIV.15. Thus the little horn grew mighty but not by his own power, not by the power of Macedon, but by that of Kittim, & of the nations of Afric, Armenia, Syria, France, Spain, Helvetia Dacia & Germany conquered by Kittim.

Some take this little horn to be Antiochus Epiphanes, but very injudiciously. For Daniel by horns understands not single kings but kingdoms. The ten horns of the fourth beast were ten kingdoms, & the four horns of the Goat were four kingdoms, & are called kingdoms by Daniel himself, Dan. VIII.23. And therefore the first horn in the room of which the four came up was also a kingdom. Each of the four horns had many kings, & Antiochus was one of them: & the little horn was not one of the four but another kingdom wchwhich came up after one of the four. It was at first a little one, & grew mighty towards the south & towards the east & up to the host of heaven. But Antiochus did not so. He made no conquests. The little horn magnified himself even to the prince of the host of heaven, & cast down his sanctuary to the grownd, & so did not Antiochus. He did not cast down the temple to the grownd, nor stand up against the Princes. The little horn acted till the last end of the indignation, & this indignation is not yet at an end. The sanctuary continued cast down 2300 days before it was cleansed & days in sacred prophesy are put for years. Ezek. IV.5, 6.

11r Chap. IV Of the third & fourth second & third Monarchy represented by the Ram & He Goat.

As the three first Beasts have their lives prolonged after their dominions are taken away & continue together with the fourth till all their Kingdoms the Gold & the Silver & the Brass & Iron & Clay be broken toge & blown away together: so we are to understand that yethe Ram & He Goat continue together till the end of the four Monarchies. The Goat breaks yethe Rams horns & stamps upon him but does not kill him. These two beasts therefore comprehend the times of all the four Monarchies. For the G Kingdome of yethe Medes wchwhich is the Rams first horn grew up before the reign of Nebuchadnezzar & in the beginning of his reign grew great by ctaking Nineve & conquering the Kingdom of Assyria. And the Goat reign vision of yethe Goat continues till the lasttime of yethe end & till the last end of yethe indignation. By the time of yethe end understand the last time of yethe four Monarchies ytthat is the endtime of yethe reign of yethe feet of Nebuchadnezzars Image & more particularly that of the little horn, &of of yethe fourth Beast: & by the indignation the captivity & dispersion of God's people. For in this sense the Prophets use the word anger and indignation as you may see in Deut. 29.24, 27, 28 & ch. 31.29. Ios. 23.16 Psal 85. Isa. 26.20. Ier. 23.20. Ezek. 5.13. Mica 7.9, 18. & other places

As the prophesy of yethe Nebuchadnezzars Image & that of Daniels four Beasts concern yethe same things & were given to explain one another so the Prophesy of yethe Ram & Goat & that of the Scripture of truth set down in the end three last chapters of Daniel are analogous answer to one another & must be compared by him that will understand them. For that of yethe scripture of truth is nothing else but a commentary upon that of yethe Ram & Goat. First the Angel descripbes the Kings of yethe Ram down to the King of invasion of Greece by xXerxes, then he Behold, saith he, there shall stand up yet (that is after Cyrus) that is after Darius vizt three kings in Persia & the fourth shall be far richer then they all & by his strength through his riches he shall stirr up all against yethe realm of Greece. Then he proceeds to describe yethe Kings of the Goat, putting first the king of the great horn & then describing the division of this horn or kingdom into four principall kingdoms repr to yethe four winds of heaven represented by the next four horns & into others of less note besides the four, & after th & then enumerating distinctly the kings of the northern & southern of these foure kingdoms horns in order down to yethe reign of Antiochus Epiphanes. Then he adds how the little horn Then he proceeds to yethe little horn saying how arms shall stand up out of the King of the north. that is shall11v shall & take away the daily sacrifice & weare out the saints & waxing exceeding great, sha shall do according to his will & magnify himself above every God & untill yethe King of the south push at him & yethe King of yethe north come against him & prosper till the indignation be accomplished. For the little horn like these arms reigned till the last end of yethe yethe indignation (Dan. 8.19. Both the prophesies that of yethe Ram & Goat & ytthat of yethe scripture of truth are said to be for many days & to continue till the end of yethe indignation & till yethe time of the end & therefore they are synchronall from first to last.

So then the little horn rises up out of the northern horn of the four that is out of & is not Antiochus Epiphanes but the arms wchwhich stand up out of him. Daniel puts arms for an army & an army is a horn. For a mans arm is his fighting member as a horn is a Beasts, & therefore has yethe same signification. The king of the north shall take yethe most fenced cities & yethe arms of yethe south shall not withstand neither his chosen people, Dan. 11.15. With yethe arms of a flood shall they be overflown from before him & be broken, that is wthwith armies like as with a flood. Dan 11.22. Shee shall not retain yethe power of yethe arm neither shall he stand nor his arm, but shall be given up Dan 11.6. By all these instances you may see that you may see that Daniel constantly uses arms for an army. Now Daniel does not say that the king of yethe north or his arms shall take away the daily sacrifice but arms shall stand up out of him, that is an army out of his kingdom, arms different from his own arms, a new military force dom power shall stand up a new horn a new dominion shall be erected & out of yethe northern Kingdom &of the north & stand up or be erected out of yethe northern kingdom & they shall take it away. stand up or be erected out of the northern Kingdom, a new horn out a new horn shall rise up & they shall take it away. And such a new power answers exactly to yethe little horn rising up out of one of yethe four. Antiochus was not a new horn; any mor for horns (as was shewed) are never put for by Daniel for single persons but always rise & fall with kingdoms. & there Daniel does not say that the little horn one of yethe four horns cam was broken off (like yethe great one) & a little horn came up in yethe room of it to make room for a successor successor but a little horn came out if it, so that both were in being together,, & therefore they must be two contemporary kingdoms whereof the one rose up out of the other. And the horn out of wchwhich the little one rose continued in being after the rise of yethethis little one & therefore they signify two kingdoms existing at yethe same time one of wchwhich came out of yethe other. The A new horn is constantly used by Daniel for a new kingdom & therefore if12r if we will interpret the prophesy wthwithout violence we must put find out another ki a new kingdom rising up out of the northern horn, or kingdom of Asia Now such a kingdom was that of Pergamus

Now such a kingdom was that of Pergamus. It rose up in Asia the proper territory of yethe northern horn. & was little at first & a in a north west corner of yethe came forth out of the kingdom of Asia acknowledged by all interpreters to be one of the four horns It was little at first & rising in a north west corner of yethe Greek empire waxed great towards yethe east & towards the south, & It became mighty even above yethe former horns, but not in its own power, For after it had stood an hundred & fifty years it descended to yethe Romans by right of inheritance & grew mighty under their government. It & took away yethe daily sacrifice, & reigned & destroyed the holy peoplpeople & prospered till yethe end of yethe indignation & in all things answers to yethe character of the little horn. The history of its rise was as follows.

First Philetærus revolting from Lysimachus – – – – – – – – – – – when those two heads became united. And its very remarkable that these two heads, after they had been for some time united became divided again into the Greek & Latine Empires, & even during their union were distinguished by the names of Greeks & Latines. No

Now whilst Daniel represents yethe nations of the Greek Monarchy by the Leopard not only during yethe reign of Alexander the great & his successors but also during the Ro reign of the fourth Beast or Roman Empire unto yethe very end of yethe four Monarchies & the He Goat is the s all one wthwith yethe Leopard & therefore continues also to the end & since & his last & most notable reign & potent reign is in the little h little horn growing exceeding great: no wonder if & the last & most potent notable & potent reign of the little horn is in the G Greek Empire in the little horn Kingdom of Pergamus propagated down through the Roman Empire: it cannot otherwise be but that this little horn must answer to this Kingdom. For if the Kingdom of yethe Medes after it was conquered by the pPersians continued one of yethe Rams horns distinct from yethe horns of yethe Persians wchwhich conquered it: wchwhich much more did the kingdom of Pergamus continue one of yethe Goates horns after it was descended to yethe Romans by right of inheritance as to its lawfull Pr Lord & Protector, continue a distinct horn of the Goat. The Romans did not break this horn. but inherited protected & advanced it as the lawfull heir to its crown They were always friends to it & now received it as lawfull heir to its crown to protect & & & advance it. It It shall be great but were friends to it. They but as friends inherited & advanced its crown, & advanced it. This ho Its p & advanced its Its power shall be great saith 12v For if the Kingdom of the Medes did not cease to be a horn by the conquest of Cyrus, but they & the Persians though under one common King were till yethe reign of G the Greeks represented by two distinct horns of the Goat until Cyrus bro Alex Ram untill they were both b together broken by the Goat: much less did yethe kingdom of Pergamus by its union with the Roman dominions cease to be a horn seing the Romans were adopted into this Kingdom as legal heirs & successors of their its Kings to protect it & propmote its dominion. They did not break this horn by violence but as friends inherited it received it into protection. Its power saith And this Daniel predicted. Its His power, saith he, shall be great mighty but not by his own power. For this is as much as to say that after yethe Goat or third Monarchy, after he had reigained by yethe power of yethe first great horn & by that of yethe four next which succeed it, he should reign no longer by the power of his own horns; but yet inby the power wchwhich was to rise up after him that is inby the power of yethe fourth Monarchy his dominion his he should reign in his last a new horn wthwith great dominion. In the latter time of yethe Kingdom of the four horns, saith Daniel, that is, in yethe end of all that reign of yethe third Monarchy wchwhich preceded the fourth a king of fierce countenance shall stand up & his power shallt be mighty but not by his own power. the former horns had been like yethe former horns

And tho this horn ☉

So then the h as Daniel's fourth Beast is the ten horned Beast in yethe Apocalyps, so his t Leopard or He Goat is the same wthwith the Apocalyptic Dragon For For that DrgonDragon as we told you, is the Greek Empire. Now For so Iohn tells you expresly in calling yethe Serpent the Devil & Satan saying that Satan throne in Pergamus & dwelleth there. Apoc. 2.13. & 12.9. the Greeks were to take away the daily sacrifice & place the abomination of desolation therefore they are represented in yethe Apocalyps by the Dragon that old Serpent who deceiveth yethe whole world. And for yethe same reason they are fitly represented in Daniel by a Goat because Goats & Satyrs as well as serpents were anciently the symbols of yethe Dæmons worshipped by the Heathens. So then a Goat & a Dragon are types of like signification & therefore fitly put for the same idolatrous kingdom] As Iohn tells you plainly that the Woman is Whore of Babylon is the seven hilled City & the Beast that Kingdom the number of whose name Λατεῖνος is 666, so he tells you as plainly that yethe Dragon that old Serpent called the Devil & Satan is the Kingdom of