The first great kingdome in the world on this side the Indies seems to have been that of Egypt. For aa lib. 7. c. 56 Pliny in recconing up the first inventors of things ascribes to the Egyptians the invention of a royal city & to the inhabitants of Attica that of a popular one. Which is as much as to say that Athens was by the Greeks accounted the first city in the world under wchwhich other cities united into a popular dominion by a common Council, & the Egyptian Thebes the first city wchwhich became the seat of a kingdom. For Thebes was famous in Homer's days when the four Monarchies & their head cities were not yet talked of. For, bb lib. 15. p. 735 saith Strabo, Homer knew nothing of the Empire of the Medes & Assyrians, otherwise cc Homer. ιλ. 9 naming the Egyptian Thebes & her riches & those of the Phœnicians, he would not have passed over in silence the riches of Babylon Nineve & Ecbatane

Egypt is a long & narrow tract of land running north & south on both sides the river Nile between two mountains & Desarts. The south end of this region wthwith the spacious country beyond it is Ethiopia. The middlemost tract is Thebais called in scripture the land of Pathros & dd Isa. 11.11 Ier. 44.1. the rest rest lowest area Southern part thereof was below Thebais was over against westward from the city Berenices, next Elephantine & called Misraim. ✝✝It This tract was distinguished into to parts the lower upon the a broad & flat country upon the mouths of Nile called Delta by the Greeks & Rib, Rahab Rif Erref Rahab in scripture the other higher a long & narrow country called Heptanomis by the Greeks. The Metropolis of Thebais was Thebes called in The metropolis of Thebais was Thebes called in scripture In the south end of Thebais between the Nile & the red sea not far from Thebes was the City CoptusStrabo l 17 p. 815. a, b, c. whence its probable that the Coptites were originally a people of Thebais. But in time they gave their name to all the Egyptians as they are still called & the Homies Coptites. Theise people gave the name of Coptites to all the Egyptians as they are still called.: & thence the Greeks formed ἆια Copti, Ægyptus. Probably the Coptites founded Thebes & thereby spread their name with their dominion.

SrSir Iohn Marsham reccons that Thebesais was anciently divided into two kingdoms the one on the east side of the Nile under the head city Thebes called No A in scripture No Ammon that is the city of Ammon or Iupiter, & by yethe Greeks Diospolis the other on the west side under the head city This, & that Misraim or Egypt below2r below Thebais was also anciently divided into two kingdoms the lower upon the seven streams of Nile & the uper between that & Thebais; both which were called Misraim in the dual number a signify that they were two lands that is the two lands of Misor. TNo Ammon is the city of Ammon or Iupiter, & by the Greeks Diospolis. Th In Thebais &c south end of Thebais And out of these four kingdoms & perhaps some others at length arose the Monarchy of Egypt. But how these kingdoms at first arose out of smaller ones is hard to relate because of the great ~ antiquity of the kingdoms. Yet some footsteps there are of their first original.

For in the seven years of plenty Ioseph laid up the corn in the cities of Egypt, the corn of the field wchwhich was round about every city laid he up in the same. Gen. 41.48. And therefore the cities of Egypt being in those days the places wchwhich the Egyptians inned their harvest they must have been almost as close together as orour villages & by consequence as numerous & small as the ancient cities of Syria & δήμοι of the Medes & Greeks. Which is an argument that the first constitution of Egypt was like that of other nations round about. For these cities like the δήοι δήμοι of Greece united under common councills & thereby grew into kingdoms.

For the common councils of the Greeks were set up in imitation of those set up before in Egypt, & the remains of such councils continued in several parts of Egypt till the days of Herodotus. The Oracle, saith he,Herod. l. 2 at Dodona is very like that of the Egyptian Thebes & the way of divining in the Greek Temples is taken from Ægypt. For the Egyptians were the first authors of making Conventions & solemnities & Councils & the Greeks learnt these things from them. Of which thing I have this argument that their way was in use from ancient times but that of the Greeks lately instituted. Neither do the Egyptians assemble once every year but frequently, as in other places, so chiefly & most studiously in the city Bubastis to the Honour of Diana, secondly in the city Busiris to the honour of Isis. In which city seated in the middle of the Egyptian Delta is the greatest temple of Isis. Isis is she who in Greek is called Δημήτης that is Ceres. Thirdly in the city of Sais to the honour of Minerva. Fourthly in Heliopolis to the honour of the Sun. Fiftly in the city Butis

The first great kingdome in the world on this side the Indies seems to have been that of Egypt. For aa lib. 7. c. 56 Pliny in recconing up the first inventors of things ascribes to the Egyptians the invention of a royal city & to the inhabitants of Attica that of a popular one. Which is as much as to say that Athens was by the Greeks accounted the first city in the world under which other cities united into a popular dominion by a common Council, & the Egyptian Thebes the first city wchwhich became the seat of a kingdom. For Thebes was famous in Homer's days when the four monarchies & their head cities were not yet talked of. For, saith bb lib. 15. p. 735. Strabo, Homer knew nothing of the Empire of the Medes & Assyrians, otherwise cc Homer. ιλ. 9. naming the Egyptian Thebes & her riches & those of the Phœnicians he would not have passed over in silence the riches of Babylon Nineveh & Ecbatane.

Egypt (called in scripture Misor Mizraim & the land of Ham) is a long & broad valley or meadow on both sides the Nile between mountains & desarts, running north & south from Syene to the Mediterranean. It consists of two regions called Mizraim that is the two lands of Mizsor, viztvidelicet the upper lying on both sides the single stream of the Nile & the lower lying upon the mouths of the Nile in the form of a triangle about 3600 furlongs in compass. This lower was called Delta by the Greeks & Rahab in scripture. The upper was again divided into two parts. The upper was again divided into two parts the southern called Thebais & in scripture the land of Pathros & the northern called Heptanomis. The Metropolis of Thebais was Thebes called in Scripture Anommon No (now Minio) that is the city of Ammon or Iupiter or (as the seventy interpret) Diospolis. It stood on both sides the Nile at the distance of about 840 stadia below the less cataract. Below it on the western side of the Nile was the city This anciently the Metropolis of a kingdom wchwhich at lenght came under the dominion of Thebes. The Metropolis of Heptanomis was Noph, Moph or Memphys a city on the western bank of the Nile just above the Delta & about 1000 stadias from the Mediterranean. Not far from Memphys were the fields where the Egyptians buried their dead & built Pyramids to their memory.

About half a mile or a mile below Memphys the Nile began4r began to divide it self into several streams to water the Delta The direct stream wchwhich runs through the middle of the Delta is called the Thermusiac river or Sebennic Ostium. The first stream which parts from it runs on the eastern side of the Delta & is called the Bubastic River or Pelusiac ostium. The next stream which parts from it runs on the western side of the Delta & is called the Canobic ostium. These are the three biggest streams & between them run several others.

In the way from Syria into Egypt at the entrance of Egypt about three miles from the Sea & at some distance from the Pelusiac ostium of the Nile eastward stood Pelusium called also Sin, Abaris, Sethron & Pithom & westward from it upon the bank of the same Pelusiac Ostium stood Ramesses. These were the two cities wchwhich the Israelites built for Pharaoth & between them lay the land of Goshen where Israel was in bondage & on the other side of this river was the field & city of Zoan or Tanis, & higher upon the eastern bank of the same stream not far below Memphys was Bubastis called in scripture Phibeseth. On the eastern border of Egypt about 1200 furlongs above Pelusium stood the city On, Aven or Heliopolis whose Priest Potiphera married his daughter Assenath to Ioseph. The way between these two cities was through a desart over which there was an open access from the east into Egypt till Sesakostris fenced Egypt on that side with a great ditch of water carried from Pelusium to Heliopolis.

Between Egypt & the Red Sea were nations of Arabians called Troglodytæ & in scripture Sukkijm. And in Thebais between the Nile & the Red Sea not far from Thebes was Coptus a common city of the Egyptians & Arabians & the Metropolis of the Nome Coptites. This people gave the name of Coptites to all the Egyptians & thence the Greeks formed ἆιαCopti, Ægyptus. Probably the Coptites founded Thebes & thereby spread their name with their dominion. Yet Ægypt is often taken by writers for only for Delta & Heptanomis without Thebais, & sometimes only for Delta.

About ten or twelve thousand furlongs above the mouths of the Nile in the northern latitude of about 14 or 15 degrees stood the city Meroe in a great Island or Peninsula of the same name compassed by two arms of the Nile Astaboras & Astapus or Astusapes flowing from certain Lakes & meeting 700 furlongs below the City. Thence the Nile flowd northward 2000 furlongs more & then bending backward ran southwest 3700 furlongs till it came almost over against Meroe. Then it ran again to the north with some inclination25r inclination eastward 5300 stadia to the great Cataract & from thence northardnorthward 700 stadia to the less Cataract & from thence it ran northward in a right line through the middle of Egypt 5000 stadia to the Mediterranean Sea. These bendings of the Nile above the less Cateract together wthwith yethe rivers wchwhich run into it seem to be yetherivers of Ethiopia IZephan. 3.1 & Isa 18.1.

On the Arabic or eastern side of the Nile from the less cateract up to Meroe & beyond it were the Arabic Ethiopians called Megabars & Blemyes & in Scripture Chus. Iuba makes them not Ethiopians but Arabians And over against them on the other side the Nile were the Nubians & Abissenes called Lud. The Nubians were anciently divided into little kingdomes under kings of their own, & frequently warred with the Arabian Ethiopians for one anothers territories. The Megabar Ethiopians were next Egypt & used bucklers & lances & clubs knotted with iron & thereby differed from yethe other Ethiopians who used great bows & lances. These Ethiopians were sometimes subject to Egypt & sometimes reigned over it & accordingly the whole was called Egypt or sometimes Egypt & sometimes Ethiopia.

Next above the less cataract was Phylæ called in scripture Phul, a city & region common to the Ethiopians & Ara Egyptians & next below this Cataract were Elephantinsa & Syene cities in the southern border of Egypt & in the mid way between Meroe & the Mediterranean Sea. was Elephantinsa was in an Island of the Nile of the same bigness with it self three miles below the less cataract & Syene was a little lower & lay just under the Tropic of Cancer, that is in yethe north latitude of 23 1/2 degrees.

Manetho an Egyptian Priest has given us the names of many kings reigning in several parts of Egypt, as at Elephantinsa, at Diospolis or Thebes, at Memphys, at Bubastis, at Heracleapolis, at Tanis, at Sais, at Xois: & Eratosthenes has also given us a list of the kings of Thebes. Whence it may be concluded that there have been many kingdoms in Egypt at once Which confirms that there have been many kingdoms in Egypt at once ~ as Palmonghtes & the Chronicum Alexandrinum tell us there were.. But a certain account of their rise magnitude duration & fall is not now to be had. Yet this is certain that before the reign of Sesac they were all swallowed up by the kingdom of Thebes.

In the days of Iacob & Moses there was a kingdom in the6r the lower Egypt of a considerable bigness whose kings resided at Ramesses. For where Pharaoh & his Court resided there Ioseph placed his father & brethren that they might be near him (Gen. 45.10) not in the very city but in the territory ajdjoyning where their flocks & heards might have pasturage Gen & this was in the land of Ramesses (Gen 47.11) in Goshen wchwhich seems to be one of the villages of the city (Gen 46.29) so neare the city that Pharaohs daughter coming down to wash her self in the river & walking along the river with her maids, found Moses hid in the flaggs & sent for a nurse of the Hebrew weomen staying till the nurse came to receive the child Exod. 2.3, 5, 7, 9. In that City Moses did his wonders in the sight of Pharaoh, Exod. 7.15, 20 & 8.3, 20 & 9.29, 33. And when the first born were smitten wchwhich was at midnight Pharaoh rose up in the night & called for Moses & Aaron & ordered them & the people of Israel to get them out of the land, & the same night the Egyptians lent the Israelites Iewels & rayment & urged them to be gone & the next morning Moses & Aaron led the children of Israel from Ramesses out of Egypt & they journied that day with their flocks & heards to Succoth a ptownlace in the wilderness between Egypt & the Red Sea, Gen. 11.8 & 12.29, 30, 31, 37, 38, 41. Num. 33.3. Ramesses was therefore the royal seat of this kingdom. But of what extent this kingdom was its uncertain. I suspect it comprehended but a part of the Delta.

The Kings of Ramesses are not mentioned by Manetho except Timaus the last king whom the Shepherds conquered. Nor did Manetho know any thing of the peregrination & servitude of Israel in Egypt but takes the Shepherd's Kingdom for the Israelites, which makes me suspect that the kings in his Dynasties are generally later then the days of Moses. For he being a Priest of Heliopolis wchwhich was under the dominion of Ramesses it may be presumed that he would be most diligent & particular in the antiquities of his own country., & therefor would not have omitted the kings of Ramesses & servitude of the Israelites had his records reacht so high.

The first & second Dynastyies of Manetho contain 17 Kings of Theis, the first of wchwhich is Menes accounted the oldest king in his Dynasties & the 16th is Sesochris who reigned 48 years & was 5 cubits & 3 palms hight. [ἐῖχεν ὕψος ε πλάτος γ: lege read, ἐῖχεν ὕψος πυχῶν ε πλαιστῶν γ] was 5 cubits & 3 palms high.

The third fourth & sixt 7th & 8th Dynasties contein the first 24 kings of Memphys the 18th of wchwhich by name & their successsors wthwithout naming them. The 18th King of Memphis in these Dynasties is Sesochris who reigned 48 years & was 5 cubits & three palms high & is therefore the same Sesochris6v Sesochris with the former, that is Sesac or Sesac or Sesostris, or Sesoch. For Sesostris was very tall. Diodorus says that he was of yethe same height wthwith his statues wchwhich were 4 cubits 4 palms high, Eusebius that he was 4 cubits 3 palms & 2 digits high. F The 7th & 8th Dynasties contein other kings of Memphys but without naming them.

The fift Dynasty conteins eight kings of Elephantis whereof the third & fourth kings are Necherop Nerchepheres & Sisichis, or (as they are named by Syncellus) Nephercheres & Sisiris & these seem to be the same kings with Nephercheres & Sesochris the 15th & 16th Kings of This & with Zebercheres & Sesochris the 16 & 18 kings of Memphys. The 9th & 10 Dynasties mention kings of Heracleopolis wbut without naming them.

Astereth Astarte Aster Asteroth, & Atter-dag yethe Goddess of the Zidonians was a shepherdess, the name being taken from Asteroth a flock of sheep & heards of wchwhich signifies heards & flocks of cattel & flocks of sheep. Sanchoniatho tells us that she ware upon her head the head of an Ox (that is a diadem so formed) as the emblem of her dominion. Herodotus tells us that in Memphys was a regio was a place was a region about the Temple of Proteus ofwchwhich they called castra Tyrionem. & probably the tts of & probably Hence comes Aster Tsor the names Tyre a of Tsor & Tyre Aster, Easter Atter-dag, Tsor, Tyre & Syria.

Herodotus tells us that in Memphys in the a region round about the temple of Protius in the City Memphys was inhabited by Tyrian Phœnicians all wchwhich place was called the camp of the Tyrians, p. Probably these were the reliques of the Shepherds. He tells us also of a city in the Delta called Atarbechis in wchwhich was a Temple of Venus. And by the name of the city this Venus seemes to be the Goddess Venus Astarte Aster or Asteroth the Vebus of of the Phenicians called Atarnatis corruptly for Atar-dag & corruptly also corruplycorruptly Athara & Atargatis & Derceti[ corruptly from the words & Atharte, that is Atter-dag or Aster-dag that is Aster or Atter or (or Aster) & Atter-dag.] called Astarte Aster Asteroth Athara, Atergatis Derceto & The name denotes a Queen of Shepherds heardmen & Mariners, the words Asteroth signifying heards & flocks of cattel & sheep & heards of cattel & the word dag a fish. As a queen of Sheepherds & heardsmen she ware upon her head the head of an Ox that is a diadem so formed, & was called Astarte Aster Asteroth Atharo Astarte Athara, & as a queen of Mariners she was sometimes formed like like a mermaid or woman above & a fish below & the (from the word dag a fish) called Ater-dag & corruptly Atergatis & Aterbechis Derceto &c. from the word Aster-dag the names names being corruptly formed of Aster-dag. From yethe names word Aster comes also yethe names Tsor Tyres Syriac When any Bulls died in Egypt it was a custome inof yethe Egyptians to bury them in the suburbs of neare their cityies with one or two horns above ground for a Signe & when they were after a certain time when their bodies were putrified rotted away the inhabitants of the city the City Atarbechis came to yethe cityies & with of Egypt in ships, & dug up the bones & buried them in carried them away to a common burying place & there buried them all together. This service imposed by the Egyptians upon the inhabitants of the City Aterbechis shews this city intimates that this city these inhabitants they were the posterity remains of ancient heardsmen who had left their a brood of cattel in all the scattered throughout all the land of Egypt, & the Goddess wchwhich they worshipped imp discovers that they were Phœnicians. So also the head of Osiris carried yearly out of Egypt to Biblos in Syria & the Syrians lamenting & Adonis after the manner that the Egyptians did Osiris isare anrguments that the Phœnicians brought part of their religion out of Egypt.

In this language Iacob gave the blessings to his sons from whence they derived their standards or banners the 12 tribes were formed the standards or Ensignes of yethe 12 tribes were formed Isaac of and Num 2 [& Thoth (the inventor of the Language) gave characters to the fathers of the tribes of Egypt, wchwhich characters or symbols being the figures of birds beasts & fishes the tribes or nNomes afterwards set up in their Temples, And in the same And in the same language Iacob gave blessings to his sons from] & Moses for formed as also the figure of a Cherubim & to represent all the tribes in one hieroglyphic. &And in yethe same language Thoth (the inventor of the language) gave characters to the 12 tribe fathers of the tribes or Nomes of Egypt representing them by several birds beasts & fishes wchwhich the Egyptians afterwards placed in their temples.. For the beasts wchwhich the Egyptians honoured houreedhonoured were nothing else then the symbols or hieroglyphies of their first fathers. And this honouring them was older then the days of Moses because described & prohibited in yethe 4th second CommandmtCommandment. Thou shalt not make to thy self any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above or in the earth beneath or in the waters under the earth, thou shalt not bow down thy self to them nor serve them, Exod 20, that is thou shalt not make or worship the likeness or image of any beast bird insect or fish & as (Deut 4.16, 17, 18) such as thou hathst seen them made & worshipped in Egypt (Deut 4.16, 17, 18)

It seems to me therefore that as the posterity of Ismael divided were dwelling from Havilah to Shur before Egypt were divided (according to yethe nū into twelve nations or tribes under twelve princes reigning in so many castles or head cities from Havi according to yethe number of the sons of Ismael dwelling from Havilah to Shur before Egypt Gen 25.16. And as the posterity of the 12 sons twelve according to yethe number of of Iacob descended from his 12 sons continued de in de twelve distinct bodies till they came out of Egyp or tribes in Egypt & when wchwhich afterwards were seated in twelve distinct regions in Canaan each with h with his own armieys & under his own standard & Prince & Prince & & standard & distinct g judges all wchwhich were under the Moses & the commone counsel of seventy elders & Iudge & standard capit (Num 1.4 & 2.2 & Deut 1. , 15, 16, 17) So the Egyptians according to the number of their first fami fathers were distinguished from the beginning into several tribes or nations seated in several parts of eEgypt each wthwith itsheir own captain & armieys & laws & common council & Temple & Festival & that this was the original of the Nomes of Egypt & that as Moses made laws for Israel so Thoth made laws for Egypt & assigning & assigned untied every Nome its under one common Council & Temple & mode of worship And this I take to be the original of the Nomes of Egypt: but how whereby this their & thereby prevented their & banner, & thereby prevented its breaking into such little kingdoms as were to be met with in Canaan & other places. But what warrs how these Nomes made warred upon one another or what warrs were made upon them how they were invaded by forreigners, & by what steps twhat kingdoms arose out of yethe they united into & what changes they underwent untill they all at length united into one Monarchy is not difficult to relate unknown not to be found in history, excepting what we meet wthwith in the l concerning the kingdom in the lower Egypt under wchwhich Israel was in bondage, the invasion thereof that kingdom by the Shepherds & the conquest of the Shepherds by the kingkingdom of Thebes.

In The kingdom where Israel was in servitude comprehended are mentioned at least these Cities Pithom, Ramesses, On & Zoan. Gen 41.45. Exod 1.11. Psal. Pithom was a city at yethe Entrance of Egypt in yethe way from Syria about three miles from the sea in the way from Syria. It was otherwise called Sethron, Abaris, Sin & Pelusium, & was the Metropolis of the Nome Sethroites Nome On was the or Aven was Heliopolis a City upon in yethe eastern11v eastern bodrder of Egypt about 180 miles 1500 furlongs above Pelusium. The w It was yethe metropolis of another Nome. The way between them & Pelusium was through was being over a desaert through wchwhich there was an open access from yethe east into Egypt untill Sesach fenced Egypt on that side wthwith a great ditch of water, carried from Pelusium to Heliopolis. Zoan was From Memphis Almost Parallel to this ditch ran the eastern stream of the yethe Nile called the Pelusiotic Bubastic river or or Pelusiotic ostium, & beyond on the western side of this stream lay the ten country or field Nome & Zoan was of Tanis or Zoan an aancient City wchwhich was built seven years after Hebron when Abraham dwelt (Num 13.22) & at length became the royal seat of yethe lower Egypt.. These three cities were the Metropolise of of three Nomes the Sethroite, yethe Heliopolitan & yethe Tainited. Vpon the eastern eastern bank of the Bubastic ri Pelusiotic ostium Bubastic river was Pharaoshs court & th in or very neare yethe & cthe city Ramesses wchwhich I take to be the thethe seat of Pharaoh & between this city is Pithom & Ramesses lay the feild land of Goshen where Israel dwelt in servitude & in bondage. For that land was in the territory of Ramessis (Gen 47.11) & in the way from Syriah to Pharaoh's court (Gen 46.28, 29) wchwhich court For Pithom & Ramesses were cities of treasure (that is fortified cities) which the cChildren of Israel built for Pharaoh (Exod. 1.11) & therefore were seated in or neare yethe land of Goshen where I when Israel dwelt And that land was in the province territory or country of Ramessis (Gen 47.11) bordering upon yethe River (Exod 1.22 & 2.3 , 8) & in the way from Syria by Pelusium to Pharaoh's court (Gen 46.28, 29) And Pharaohs court was also seated upon the same banks of the River Nile in the border of the land of Goshen (Exod 2.5. & 7.15, 20. & 8.20) in the border of the land of Goshen Exod or so neare it to that land that Ioseph (the second man in Egypt) upon notice given by his brother Iudah went thence to meet his father in Goshen (Gen 46.28, 29) & that when the first born of yethe Egyptians were slain at midnight, Pharaoh sent for Moses & Aaron & by their hand sent sent away the children of Isarael the sane night & they prepared for their journey & borrowed Iewels & raymtrayment of the Egyptians the same night & in the morning under the conduct of Moses & Aaron began their journey from Ramesses the city wchwhich they had been building & journied that day to Succoth a place in the desart where they baked cakes of unleavened bread. (Exod 12.29, 31, 37 & Num 2233.2.) From all wchwhich I gather that Ramesses was the Metropolis of the kingdom where Pharaohs kept his Court resided was the City Ramessis. it may seem that Pharaoh then resided at Ramesses in Ramesses in the City Ramesses, tho Zoan became afterwards the royal City of the lower Egypt after the also destruction of this city the & Zoan became afterwards yethe royal city of the lower Egypt upon wchwhich the ten plagues were inflicted Psal. 78.12, 43 Isa 19.11, 13 & 30.4. F This kingdom was called Misraim that is the two lands of Misor, but what these two lands those two lands is now uncertain & of what extent the kingdom was is now uncertain. Vnder wchwhich name Isaias & Ieremy comprehends all Egypt below Thebais. & Isaias (ch. 11.11) takes Mizraim for all Egypt be below Path the land of Pathros or Thebais, & Ieremy ch 44.1 comprehends in it the city Noph or Memphys the metropolis wchwhich was the royal city of the middle Egypt seated on the western side of the river Nile three or four a miles or two above the Delta i by wchwhich it may seem that the two Misors were the lower & the upper middle Egypt point where Nile divide it self into two streams to compass the Delta. so that Mizraim seems to be the two lands of the lower & middle Egypt. But whether Yet I cannot affirm that the kingdom under wchwhich Israel was in bondage comprehended both these lands I. cannot affirm

This kingdom was called Misraim that is the two lands of Misor. By this name is sometimes understood all Egypt including the land of Pathros () sometimes only What those lands were is now uncertain. For that12r that part of Egypt wchwhich lay below Pathros. (Isa. 11.11 ) & sometimes perhaps only the up f the lowers t part of Egypt wchwhich lay upon the below Grand Cairo where Nile div begins divides it self int several streams some part of that part. Its probable the name came from two kin kingdoms united into one & was afterward given continued to that kingdom hower enlarged or diminished. For it is sometimes taken for all Egypt below including Pathos ( sometimes for all Egypt below Pathros (Isa 11.11) & sometimes f usually most commonly for the kingdom wchwhich lay upon yethe mouths of the Nile.

After the departure of Israel out of Egypt – – – under the dominion of the shepherds.

These shepherds first seated themselves in Egypt wthwithout warr – – desart into Syria.

Hence Manetho –

A&nd so laid a foundation for moanarchial government. For What kingdoms The oldest division of Egypt was into Pathros & Misraim. Vnder Thoth it all Egypt was united, what kingdoms it became afterwards divided into will be best is uncertain but any & can only be conjectured by the old divisionss of the land Egypt into several lands & by the, & the Dynasties of Manetho.

The oldest division of Egypt was into Pathros & Miszraim. So Isaias And Nature made not This division was not a natural one made by any mountains or rivers or desarts interposed but was only It was only political & therefore had its rise from the diviersity of nations or kingdō The memory thereof continued till the days of Is yethe old Prophets. So Isaiah reccons up Assyria & Misraim & Pathros & Cush & Elam & Shinar & Hamath & the Isles of yethe Sea. Isa. 11.11

Pathros is was of old distinguished from yethe rest of Egypt & E

– laid a foundation for monarchical government. Vnder Thoth all Egypt was united what kingdoms it became afterwards divided into is uncertain & can only be conjectured by the Dynasties of Manetho. F This is certain that in the lower Egypt a P was a kingdom in Abraham's days the days of Abraham Iacob & Moses there was a kingdom in yethe lower Egypt, & when but the extent of this kingdom was unknown. It comprehended at least the cities Pithom, Ramesses, On or Aven & Zoan or Tanis. Pithom was a city at yethe entrance of Egypt