Holograph notes on the denominations, fineness and weight of various foreign coins, with a letter to Catherine Barton dated 5 August 1700 on the reverse

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{illeg} {illeg}{illeg} {Lords} {illeg} {Lon}don, {Par}is & {Gla}{sgow} {illeg} In England{,} France, Flanders, Genoua, Florence. Venice they reccon by {poun}ds sh{hillin}gs {illeg} or livers sou{{ls}{s}} {&} deniers,

In Engla{nd} acc^ts are kept by pounds shillings pence \halfpence/ & farthings. The Gold coyne are 5 guinea-pieces, two Guinea-pie{c}es, Guin{illeg}|ea|s & half Guineas all of y^e same allay w^ch is {illeg}|11| parts fine gold & {illeg}|1| part allay, & there are 44$\frac{1}{\mathrm{}}$ Guineas in a pound weight {Troy.} The silver coyns are crowns or five shilling pieces, half crowns, shillings {illeg} or twelve-pences, {illeg} six pences, four-pences or groats, three-pences, two pences & pence all of y^e same allay w^ch is 11$\frac{1}{10}$ fine silver & $\frac{9}{10}$ allay, & there are 62 shillings in y^e pound weight Troy. The half-pence & farthings are of copper & 88 farthings make a pound weight Troy. Sometimes they reccon in England by marks & Nobles & a noble is $\frac{1}{3}$ of 20^s & a mark $\frac{2}{3}$^ds.

In s|S|cotland they {illeg} \reccon by pounds & shillings &/ coyne{d} at p^rsent 60 40 30 20 10 & 5^s shillings pieces \of silver/: {illeg}|o|f the same {st}andard w^th english silver money according to law, but actually about $\frac{1}{2}$ or $\frac{1}{3}$ of a penny weight worse then y^e English money \one piece w^th another/ by y^e unaccurates {sic} of their workmen. \They divide an ounce as the English do into sixty \two {parts}/ & coyn {illeg} sixty of those as the English do but 56 into a crown or sixty shilling piece so that a {sic}/ A 60 shillings piece is {to a} pound weight Scotch as {illeg}|5|6 to 62 or {illeg} 28 to 31. {|No|{{illeg}|w|}} a pound weight scotch is less then a pound w^t English by {9}|4|^dwt 9^gr english, So that 60 shillings scotch ought to weight 425$\frac{1}{2}$$\frac{1}{8}$$\frac{1}{4}$ {illeg}{y} 425$\frac{20}{31}$ grains english & be worth 55 pence English wanting the $\frac{1}{12}$ of a farthing {b}ut being something coarser & lighter then it should be it may be recconed worth 5{5}|4|$\frac{3}{4}$ pence English {o}ne piece w^th another. In Scotland they have sometimes coyned marks, two-mark \pieces/ ,|&| $\frac{1}{2}$ mark pieces |{illeg} & small pieces three of w^ch make a noble| {illeg} their mark|s| pieces {not} is 13^s 4^d of their money \but these were being ill coyned were lately called in. {sic}/. In the nearest round number their marks may {illeg} in England for shillings & their ten shilling pieces for nine pences.

In Ireland two 4$\frac{1}{2}$^d is one Haper {illeg}|o|r 9^d English, & 20 Harpers is a pound or 15^s English

In France they reccon by Livers souls & deniers. 12 Deniers make a souls 20 souls a Liver {or} Frank. {illeg} 16 souls make a Cardecu & 4 Cardecus a Crown. But now y^e French crown is 60 {s}ous & weighteth 17^dwt 11$\frac{1}{2}$ gr being to t|[|he\The/ Paris ouce as 60 to 62 being\is/ divided into 62 sous whereof 60 {to} their crown. The silver Their pound is to y^e English pound \& by consequence their crown to y^e English as {sic}/ as {6} 93 to 100. so that their pound is {5655}\5357./ {E}nglish grains & their ounce 446$\frac{5}{12}$|]| The French Gold Lewis d'or equals $\frac{1}{4}$ of a French crown or {si}{x} sous in weight, being in weight 4^dwt 8^gr$\frac{3}{4}$    & is in fineness 11^oz or 11^oz–$\frac{1}{4}$^gr. that is worse $\frac{1}{4}$ ^{illeg}gr And the French silver is worse 06^wt.    The French & Spaniard use the same weigh{t} w^ch is a Mark of 7 oz 8^dwt 8 ounces &    weights 7 oz 8^dwt Troy.

In Spain the pieces of $\frac{8}{8}$ weigh 17^dwt$\frac{1}{2}$ & the Pillar pieces are better 2^dwt the Mexico worse 1^dwt the Peruvian worse 1$\frac{1}{2}$ dwt. The Spanish Pistol weighs 4^dwt 8^gr & is worse $\frac{1}{4}$^gr. {34 Peru} & a Mexic \{illeg}ants are kept in Merveds & Rials./ 34 Mervedes is a Rial & 8 Rials is a piece of $\frac{8}{8}$. The exchanges are made upon the Imaginary Ducat of 375 Mervedes or 11 Rials & a Mervede. T A piece of $\frac{8}{8}$ equals a Frence {sic} crown in weight & a spanish Pistol equals a French one in weight, & both are $\frac{1}{4}$ of a crown or piece of eight.

The Ducat of|\is y^e same all over/| Holland & the Empire & weights 2^dwt 5^gr {illeg}|&| is better 1^car 2^gr. In Holland the three Guilder pieces \(= 60 stivers)/ weigh 1^oz. 6^gr and are 4^dwt (& sometimes by default 5^{illeg} 6 & 7^dwt) worse |[|20 Stivers \(or {4 olds}{solds} Turtois)/ here & in Flanders make a Guilder, & six stivers make a \flemmish/ shillings & 20 shillings or skillings a pound Flemish. Ducatoons are = 10 dutch skillings Pa{t}{l}atoons = 8 Dutch skillings a Ducatoon is 4$\frac{1}{2}$^dwt better & weights 1^oz 0^dwt 22^gr. The Dutch reccon by pence Groats or Grosses stivers Guilders & 4^d is a Gross. 2|t|wo Grosses a Stiver, 12 Grosses \= 6 stivers =/ a skilling, 20 skillings a pound \flemish/, 20 stivers a Guilder 6 Guilders a pound flem.|]| A Ducattoon of Flanders weights 1 oz 22^dwtgrains is better 4$\frac{1}{2}$^dwt is worth 5^s 5^d$\frac{\mathrm{}}{6}$ 5 $\frac{5}{6}$^d 5^s. 6^d$\frac{3}{8}$ A double \Dutch/ stiver weighs 1^dwt & is worse 4^oz 4^oz 6 dw^t, & is worth 1$\frac{9}{10}$^d. The Dutch weight is a Mark of 8 ounces & weight 7^oz 18^dwt Troy.

A Traveller told me that the Dutch ounce was but a grain lighter then y^e English ounce Troy

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For M^ris Catherine Barton
at M^r Gyre's at Publicot neare
Woodstock in

Oxfordshire

By Chipping Norton Bagg.

I had yo^r two letters & am glad y^e air agrees w^th you & th{ough the} fever is loath to leave you yet I hope it aba{illeg}|te|s, & y^t y^e {re}mains of y^e small pox are dropping off apace. S^r Ioseph {Tily} is leaving M^r Tolls house & its probable I may succeed him{. I} intend to send you some wine by the next Carrier w^ch beg the favour of M^r Gyre & his Lady to accept of. My L{ady} Norris thinks you forget yo^r promis of writing to her, & wants {a} letter from you. Pray let me know by yo^r next how your f{ace is} & if yo^r fevour be going. Perhaps warm milk from y^e Cow may {help} to abate it. I am

Yo^r very loving Vnkle

Is. Newton