Holograph notes on exchange rates in various parts of Europe

|2|A Ducat of Gold is coyned in Holland for 5 Gulders but goes for 5 Guilders & 4, 5, or 6 styvers, & most commonly for 5 Guilders 5 styvers that is o^er money for 9.^s 1∟^d3. But in England it is worth (by the Table) 9^s. 6∟^d45. Which {is} 5∟^d15 {illeg} more then it goes for in Holland. At w^ch rate gold is valued higher in England then in Holland by 11^d∟59 in a Guinea.

Hungary Ducats go in Holland at y^e same rate & are of the same weight & fineness w^th the Holland Ducat without any difference worth considering.

The Lewidor \is valued/ goes in Holland for 9 Guilders 8 9 0r 10 Styvers \that is/ for three Ducatons that is for or 16^s. 4∟^d77 But in England is worth 17.^s 0$\frac{1}{2}$^d & whe if if new out of their Mint it is worth 17.^s 2     . \w^ch is          more then in Holland./ At w^ch rate gold is valued higher in Holland then in England by about            in a Guinea

The{illeg} Lewidor |The| \Ecu goes in Ecu/ goes in France for {illeg} livres or\3 liv. 16 sols or/ 3$\frac{4}{5}$ livres & the Lewidor for 14\& is worth 4^s 6.^d And thence y^e sol is worth 1.^s 2∟21. The Lewidor goes gor 14 livre w^ch comes to/ livres [or 13$\frac{13}{19}$ Ecus w^ch by the Table is 16.^d {illeg}|6|^d∟94 of o^er money. [And here\in England/ it is worth 16^s 17.^s 2$\frac{4}{5}$ w^ch is about {illeg}|7|∟$\frac{4}{5}$^d86 more then in France] At w^ch rate [is|G|old is valued higher in England then in France by about 9{$\frac{3}{4}$} ^d9∟^d82 in a Guinea]. A Guinea is worth 1^£. 0.^s. 8^d∟18

At Hamborough the Ducat goes for 12 Ma{illeg}\two {illeg} two slecht Dollers (or/ (six Marcks lubs) & 9|8| or 9 sols ^s, w^ch the Mark {illeg} Sols lubs. The {illeg} The slecht Doller is recconed 48 sols lubs & the Albertus 52 48 sols lubs make the slecht Doller & 52 the Albertus doller w^th y^e cross w^ch when if unworn if worth 4.^s 6^s|d| English.|,| The B|b|ut \these/ by long wearing have \one w^th another/ lost as much silver as may be worth 1^d or 2^d. The Marks & sols lubs are double to those of Danemark & a 4 Mark piece \or Crown/ of Danmark \& goes at Hamborough for two Marks lubs and/ & is \by several assays is/ worth 2^s. 8∟^d4. Whence a Mark lubs is 1.^s 4∟^d2 & a sol lubs 1^d∟0 1$\frac{1}{40}$^d. And {illeg} Six Marks lubs (or 12 Marks Dans) & 9 sols lubs are 8^s. 10^d$\frac{17}{40}$. w^ch is about 8^d less then {illeg} a Ducat is worth in England. At w^ch rate gold is valued higher in England then at Hamborough by about 1^s 6^d in a Guinea.

In \Holland &/ the Empire several parts of y^e Empire \& the countries adjoyning/ the Ducat is coyned for two Rixdollers or 9 Shillings English & usually goes at that rate or within 2^d or 3^d \styvers or/ more or less, supposing the Rixdoller of just value. [But if the Rix doller be of a lower value (as the Patagon of Holland the Rixdoller of Denmark \&c/) the Ducats may go for 2 Rix dollers & 5 |1|o|0|r or 15 Stuyvers] This Ducat is 4^car ij^gr better & weights 2^d is worth Whereas in England the Ducat is worth 9^s 6$\frac{1}{2}$^d. But if the Rix doller be of a lower value (as the Patagon of Holland, the Rixdoller of Denmark &c) the Ducat may go for 5 10 or 10 two Rixdollers & 5 \or/ 10 or 15 styvers or more\above more/. So in Holland the Ducat goes for 2 {illeg} five usually for 4 5 or 6 styvers above five Guilders or two {illeg} Patagons or \is coyned for two Patagons or 5 Guilden/ is coyned for 5 Guilders or two Patagons or Rixdollers of Holland but goes usually for 3 4 5 or 6 styvers more, {illeg} because the Patagon is worth but 4^s 4^d. And wants two pence of the just value of y^e Rix doller of the Empire. And so at Hamborough the {illeg} Rix do Ducat goes for 8 or 9 sols lubs more then two Rix Dollers because this Rix Doller is 4 styvers worse\there valued at 4. sols sols {sic} lubs less/ then the{illeg}\{illeg}/ Rix doller w^th the cross or Albertus \(w^ch is worth 4^s 6^d/, that is,\& so is/ worth {illeg} but 4^s 2^d or rather not quite so much if some\any/ abatament be made for the wearing of the Albertus.

In Holland the Hungary Ducat goes usually for 5 Guilders & 5 styvers that is in o^er money for 9^s 1{illeg}^d$\frac{3}{10}${illeg}, but in England it is worth 9^s 6$\frac{1}{2}$^d w^ch is 5$\frac{1}{5}$ more then it goes for in Holland: at w^ch rate gold is valued higher in England then in Holland by 11$\frac{4}{5}$ in the Guinea.

The Lewidor goes in Holland for 9 Guilders 8 8 9\6, 8/ or 10 sols {illeg} & most commonly \styvers {illeg} Su/ At 9 Guilders 8 or 9 sols|tyve||rs| an three it is or three Ducatons it is worth {illeg} 16.^s 4∟^d77 w^ch is {illeg}^d less then it is worth in England when unw before wearing. At w^ch a Guinea \the G rate/ gold <58v> Gold {sic} is valued higher in England then in Holland by about 12^d$\frac{1}{2}$ in a Guinea. /The Rix dollers of the lates {sic} Dukes of Brandenburg p{illeg} are by the Assay worth 4.^s 6^d & of the same value I take the Rix dollar w^th Cross to be w^ch goes for 30 gross at Bel|r|lin for 30 gross gross. They but have not yet assayed it.\

At Berlin Dantzick the Ducat is valued at about 2 Rixdollers or 9^s or therebaout w^ch is 6$\frac{1}{2}$ less then in England & at \that/ rate a Guinea is worth but 20^s 3$\frac{3}{8}$.

At Berlin the Ducat is valued at 2$\frac{2}{3}$ Rixdollers but this Rixdoller is but $\frac{4}{5}$^ths of the Rix doller w^th the Cross. this being 24 Gross & that by or 54 pence

At Berlin the Rixdoller with the cross goes for 30 gross & they have another Rixdoller \at Berlin/ w^ch goes but for 24 gross & so is worth by about 40$\frac{4}{5}$ pence And the Ducat goes there for {illeg}\2$\frac{2}{3}$ 2$\frac{2}{3}$/ of these Roxdollers or 9.^s 0$\frac{4}{5}$^d at w^ch rate a Guinea is worth \about/ 20^s. 5^d. But the Rixdollers of Berlin I have not yet assay^d.

The Lewidor goes at Berlin & of France & Spanish Pistole goes at Berlin for 4$\frac{3}{4}$ of between 4$\frac{3}{4}$ & 4$\frac{5}{6}$ of these Rixdollers that is between 16^s. 1$\frac{4}{5}$^d & 16.5$\frac{1}{5}$ or about 16 3$\frac{1}{2}$^d At w^ch rate a Guinea is worth \between/ 20^s. {illeg}2^d$\frac{1}{4}$ & 20^s 6$\frac{1}{2}$.

In Denmark the Ducat equals that of the Empire is valued at 12 Marks Dans or three four mark pieces that is at 6|8|.^s 1$\frac{1}{4}$^d.

The Venetians have two\silver/ Ducat goes for 6 lire 4 sols & is worth        whence a Lire is worth              And the Sequin or Zacheen goes for 17 ^lires or              And at this rate & is worth              And w^ch is          less then its' value in England. At w^ch rate a Guinea is worth

The Venetians value a Hongre or Hungary Ducat but at 16 lires & at this or              And at this rate a Guinea is worth

The silver Ducat of Flornece \is worth 5.^s 5^d$\frac{1}{6}$ &/ goes at Florence & Leghorn for just 7 lires & therefore a Lire \of Florence/ is worth 9^d$\frac{13}{42}$. And \accordingly/ The Spanish piece of eight goes there for 5$\frac{3}{4}$ lires or 4^s 5^d$\frac{1}{2}$     w^ch is its just value. The \Pistole of Italy & some say the/ Lewidor & Spanish Pistole go at Florence for there for 20 lires or 15.^s 4|6|^d$\frac{4}{21}$. But the Mer At w^ch rate a Guine \wil scarce/ is|be| worth \about/ 19|20|^s. 5$\frac{1}{2}$^d. Q?

At Genoa the Crusado or Genouise goes for 7$\frac{1}{2}$ lires & is worth 6^s 6$\frac{1}{2}$^d T & therefore a Lire of Genoua is worth 10^d$\frac{4}{9}$. And the Pistole \of Italy/ goes at Genoua for 17$\frac{1}{2}$ lires or 2$\frac{1}{3}$ Crusados, that is for 15^s. 2$\frac{7}{9}$^d. Now the The Pistoles of Italy I cannot yet procure to make Assays of them, but they are reputed about 3|2| or 3 per cent worse then the Spanish Pistole & Frence Ecu.

A Julio\Teston/ of the Pope is worth 1^s 6$\frac{1}{5}$|$\frac{1}{6}$|, & tenn of these are|tha|t is 16.^s1$\frac{2}{3}$^d are the value of the Popes Pistole in Italy\at Rome/, & 10$\frac{1}{3}$ Testons or 16^s. 7$\frac{2}{3}$^d are the value of the Pistole of Spain at Rome.